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关键词： 概率统计   求解   MATLAB   Mathematica  

摘要： 随机变量概率、分布密度、随机变量数字特征是概率统计中的重要的知识点与难点。基于此,文章阐述主要使用MATLAB、Mathematica软件中的函数工具,解决离散型随机变量与连续型随机变数的概率求解问题、一维二项分布、二维正态分布的分布密度的图象问题,以及二维随机变量数字特征求解问题。通过二大数学软件在概率统计中的应用对比,使传统教科书上一些概率统计问题的解决更精准、更快速、更直观。

关键词： Image Transformation   Information Retrieval   Multiview Images   Patents   Trademarks  

摘要： Initial data representations, such as images, provide basic visual information about a document collection but contain no deeper relationships between elements within the images or elements within a related collection of images. Transformation of initial image data to an intermediate representation allows neural network models to encode inter-image and intra-image relationships to improve retrieval. Direct comparison of images and a study of the interrelationship of multiview images derived from 3D model repositories shows information encoded in the inter-image relationships and provides stronger retrieval results than is possible with the individual images. This inter-image relationship may be further leveraged to reconstruct the original 3D model. Encoding the 3D model into a vector representation provides more accurate retrieval than previous multiview image retrieval methods. Trademarks are typically represented as line drawings containing a collection of multiple design elements. The definitions of trademark similarity are specified by both rules set by the Trademark Office and precedents set in the courts. To allow flexibility in trademark retrieval, the intra-image features present in trademarks may be used within a search results reranking framework to improve retrieval. Reranking allows retrieval results to conform to intra-image dominant image features.

关键词： 石黑一雄   文学绘图   叙事   隐喻   空间意象  

摘要： 从文学绘图视角研究文学文本,既可以将语言文字和叙事文本转化为整体上视觉可感的空间形态,又可以带来一种新的文学阅读和阐释方法,帮助我们以空间化和视觉化的思维方式来理解文本。本文聚焦于石黑一雄后期的小说创作及其对应的文学绘图实践,试图对小说主旨进行新的解读。本文以石黑一雄后期创作中最具绘图特征的四部代表作《无可慰藉》、《我辈孤雏》、《莫失莫忘》和《被掩埋的巨人》为主要研究对象,通过对文本的可视化地图与空间意象的关联分析,可以指出小说叙事中的空间表征与人物生存困境尤其是自我建构之间的联系,从而进一步深入揭示作者对个体在时代剧变与新世界的冲击下如何重塑自我并建构自我的关怀和思考。在理论实践层面,本文主要借鉴了罗伯特·塔利在文学绘图研究中强调的比喻性绘图这一空间化的批评思维来分析石黑一雄小说叙事的绘图特征与空间表征。除此之外,作为对塔利强调作家通过写作尤其是叙事绘制的比喻性地图而忽略实体地图的有益补充,本文同时还运用了数字地理技术与郭方云的文学地图学的制图方法来绘制平面地图。本文试图在绾合两种批评方法的过程中对石黑一雄的小说创作进行新解读和新诠释。具体而言,本文主要从“双重绘图”的角度来切入文本分析。既关注作者在写作中如何通过叙事绘制比喻性的空间地图并表达他对世界的理解,又致力于为作者绘制的文学地图“再绘图”,也即通过数字技术为作者创作的小说绘制空间地图来解读小说文本。前者强调的是用文学绘图这一空间化的批评思维方式来诠释石黑一雄小说创作的空间性特质;后者作为对作者用文字建构的比喻性地图的有益补充,通过绘制视觉化和直观化的实体数字地图来进一步呈现石黑一雄小说叙事的空间表征,分析小说中的地理信息和空间关系并挖掘其隐喻意义。本文由绪论、正文与结语三部分组成。绪论部分主要介绍石黑一雄小说的研究现状并介绍了文学绘图理论的核心要素,同时阐明了从文学绘图视角分析石黑一雄小说创作的适配性和可行性。第一章从叙事与绘图的联系出发,探讨了石黑一雄小说叙事的绘图特征。本章以小说《无可慰藉》和《我辈孤雏》为例,聚焦于石黑一雄小说叙事中的空间建构与空间书写。首先通过分析迷宫化的公共空间建构与异化的私人空间建构来揭示空间表征与人物生存状态之间的同构关系。其次,通过分析小说的时空扭曲的叙事策略来进一步揭示作者的叙事意图。第二章作为承上启下的部分,以《被掩埋的巨人》和《莫失莫忘》为例分析文学地图的双重隐喻属性。通过分别探讨地图对权力和身份的隐喻性指涉,旨在深入探讨作者如何将空间、地图、文学与历史、身份和权力想象融合为一体的小说创作实践。第三章作为对前两章比喻性的地图研究的补充,通过数字地图等实体空间模型的绘制来解读小说中的空间关系及其深意。首先是绘制石黑一雄单部小说中人物的活动轨迹地图并分析其隐喻意义。其次是通过绘制石黑一雄整体小说创作的概览地图来分析其叙事形式与主旨思想的演变。此外,迄今为止石黑一雄的全部小说创作包括八部长篇小说和一部短篇小说集。本文选取的是他小说创作转型期的四部长篇小说为研究对象。其他作品虽然并不作为主要分析对象,但可能会在全文的论述过程中作为补充性论据而有所涉及。

关键词： Applied statistics   Environmental sensing   Gas emission  

摘要： Releases of pollutants into the atmosphere pose risks to human health, the environment, and the economy. Fine-scale monitoring of air pollution and efforts to characterize the impact of the local environment on pollutant concentrationshave led to great developments in sensor technology and the generation of a staggering amount of new data. While the advent of large datasets has led to more emphasis on statistical modeling, the disconnectedness of these modelsfrom underlying physical laws degrades their generalizability. Consequently, the objective of the present research is to apply a combination of statistical and deterministic models to quantify the effects of the environment at varying scales on: 1) our ability to observe and measure pollutant concentration profiles, 2) our ability to make inferences about the state of the pollutant sources, and 3) The evolution of pollutant concentration profiles. This dissertation is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on a theoretical analysis of the uncertainties involved in leak quantification via gas imaging techniques. These uncertainties are quantified through statistical analysisof Large Eddy Simulation (LES) data. Our results show that uncertainties that are due to inferring the 3D plume structure from 2D projections become smaller as measurements are made at larger downwind distances from the emissionsource. Further, acquisition times on the order of tens of seconds are sufficient to significantly reduce these uncertainties. The second part employs a recursive Bayesian scheme to infer the varying states of a gas emission source observed through downwind mobile measurements. Our findings suggest that the statistics of the measurements, such as the coefficient of variation and range are good predictors of the performance of the Bayesian algorithm. In addition, the algorithm shows a high success rate in detecting the state change when the emission rate is tripled. The third part introduces a spatial clusterin

关键词： Pharmacology   Biochemistry   Molecular biology  

摘要： R-loops are transcription intermediates containing an RNA:DNA hybrid and a displaced single-strand DNA. R-loops are important regulators of various cellular processes such as transcription and DNA repair. However, when R-loop levels and/or distributions in the genome are dysregulated, they act as endogenous sources of genomic instability, a hallmark of cancers. Mutations in genes encoding for R-loop regulators are observed in various cancers and diseases, linking R-loop dysregulation to disease pathogenesis. As the number of known R-loop regulators increases, this raises an intriguing question on how different factors contribute to R-loop homeostasis. Furthermore, whether various R-loop regulators function at the same R-loop regions in different diseases is largely unknown. In order to answer these questions, a proper mapping method to analyze R-loop landscapes in different diseases will be necessary. My thesis project focuses on establishing an R-loop mapping strategy called MapR. MapR was reported to produce a high signal-to-noise ratio in genome-wide next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, it lacks a quality control step prior to NGS. In this study, I successfully established and optimized the MapR method to quantify R-loop levels by quantitative PCR (MapR-qPCR) as the quality control step. A significantly higher level of R-loop enrichment was observed at the R-loop positive RPL13A locus compared to that at the R-loop negative SNRPN locus by the MapR-qPCR analysis. Furthermore, treating MapR samples with RNaseH, an enzyme that hydrolyzes the RNA moiety within RNA:DNA hybrids, partially suppressed R-loop enrichment at RPL13A locus, suggests that MapR enriches for R-loops. My project will allow us to integrate the MapR-qPCR analysis as quality control checkpoints prior to genome-wide sequencing.

ISBN: (纸本)9787111680215

关键词： 学习者生成绘图   学习判断   元认知监控水平   绘图质量  

摘要： 近年来,越来越多的研究者发现在科学领域中,生成绘画的难度会影响绘图策略的有效性,尤其在高中数理化及生物学科中,由于学习的问题较为复杂,学习者生成绘图的难度较大,会产生较大的认知负荷进而影响元认知监控水平和学习成绩。现有研究表明有教学支持的生成绘图策略能有效降低认知负荷,但是目前鲜有研究在高中生物学教学中探讨有教学支持的绘图策略是否对元认知监控水平和学习成绩能够产生促进效应。本研究采用两个实验探讨有教学支持的绘画生成策略是否以及如何有效促进高中生物学习的元认知监控水平及学习成绩。研究一随机选取107名学生自愿参加实验,采用单因素的组间设计,自变量为学习策略,包括提供作者生成图、图像生成组、绘图和阅读四个水平,因变量为学习判断和后测的正确率。研究表明,有教学支持绘图组与其它没有教学支持组在学习判断上差异显著。其次,学习判断比认知负荷更能预测学习结果。有教学支持组的后测正确率更高,且学习判断对绘图后测总正确率具有显著正向预测作用,与假设一致。研究二进一步考虑了提供教学支持的频率和位置,选取120名高中生,探究在整个教学过程中绘图支持在何时提供、提供几次可以更为有效地提升元认知监控水平及学习成绩。研究表明,生成和修改绘图提示应该在整个学习过程中提供,而不是只在之前和之后提供;其绘图提示频率及位置应高频和均匀分布才能提升元认知监控水平和学习结果。此外,绘图质量与学习效果正相关且该相关性在迁移测试和绘图测试中更高,绘图质量可以预测绘图效果。本研究结果表明提供教学支持的绘图策略可以提高元认知监控水平。并且,当绘图支持高频且均匀分布的时候其效果最好。其中,绘图质量与元认知监控水平密切相关。本研究结果揭示了在生物教学中,教师应该注重教学支持的作用,多使用图文结合的方式,并且贯穿于整个教学活动中,提高学生的生物学习成绩。

关键词： 十三妹   形象   主题  

摘要： 《儿女英雄传》所塑造的十三妹形象影响深远,被后世诸多文艺作品所改编。《绘图十三妹三刺年羹尧》鼓词则是其中的一种,本文通过原著与鼓词从故事情节、人物形象、主题思想三方面对比分析二者异同,进一步了解清末民初普通市民的审美趣味和审美需求。

关键词： 绘图学文   个性阅读   小学语文   思维导图   阅读教学  

摘要： 阅读教学是语文教学的核心，但阅读材料复杂而广泛，而在学习过程中学生需要储存的信息量随着年级的升高而增大，阅读材料的难度也逐渐加深。因此，在语文阅读教学中，如何选择有效的语文阅读教学策略，提高学生语文阅读理解能力和教学质量，是现阶段语文教师亟待思考的重要问题。

关键词： 扁平化设计   电脑绘图课程   插画  

摘要： 近年来,受极简主义影响,扁平化设计在各大设计领域大行其道。其最为明显的风格特征是去除冗余的装饰效果,忽略繁杂的光影明暗效果,删繁就简,使用简约化、符号化的设计语言,强调信息的呈现。这一风格也影响了插画艺术,在高职电脑绘图课程教学中,也开始受此影响进行扁平化风格的教学。文章主要结合高职学生学情,联系实际教学状况,论述了高职电脑绘图课程对扁平化美学范式的应用。