关键词:
arsenic contamination
groundwater
mapping
Terai region
test kits
waste disposal
water filtration
地下水
砷污染
绘图
检测试剂盒
特莱地区
水过滤
废物处理
Aguas subterráneas
Contaminación por arsénico
Cartografía
Kits de análisis
Región de Terai
Filtración de agua
Eliminación de residuos
摘要:
Arsenic contamination in the drinking water of Nepal, particularly in the Terai region, poses a serious public health challenge, as groundwater serves as the primary water source for millions of peoples. This study investigates the prevalence, sources, and consequences of arsenic contamination, employing recent data and scientific analyses. Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with severe health complications, including skin lesions, various forms of cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. Despite ongoing efforts to mitigate arsenic exposure, challenges remain in the effective identification and management of contaminated sources. Beyond water contamination, arsenic accumulates in soil and crops, jeopardizing food safety. While traditional mapping methods are expensive, machine learning offers cost-effective, high-resolution solutions. Portable field kits enable rapid arsenic detection in drinking water, but proper disposal of filtration waste remains a challenge. Iron-based biosand filters present a viable interim solution to comply with the arsenic standards set by the Government of Nepal, while also effectively eliminating bacteria and viruses. Nevertheless, the establishment of sustainable groundwater treatment systems for clustered communities in the Terai region is imperative. This paper shows the necessity for comprehensive testing, enhanced public awareness, and sustainable water management practices to safeguard public health in Nepal. 尼泊尔饮用水中的砷污染 (尤其是在特莱地区)对公共卫生构成了严峻挑战, 因为地下水是数百万人的主要水源。本研究利用最新数据和科学分析, 探讨了砷污染的普遍性、来源和结果。长期接触砷与严重的健康并发症相关, 包括皮肤病变、不同类型的癌症和心血管疾病, 尤其对弱势群体造成严重影响。尽管人们正在努力减少砷暴露, 但有效识别和管理污染源一事仍面临挑战。除了水污染外, 砷还会在土壤和农作物中积累, 危及食品安全。虽然传统的绘图方法成本高昂, 但机器学习提供了成本有效且分辨率高的解决方案。便携式现场工具包能快速检测饮用水中的砷, 但妥善处理过滤废物仍然是一个挑战。铁基生物砂过滤器是一种可行的临时解决方案, 既能满足尼泊尔政府制定的砷标准, 又能有效清除细菌和病毒。然而, 在特莱地区, 为聚集社区建立可持续的地下水处理系统一事势在必行。本文指出, 全面检测、提高公众意识、以及实施可持续的水管理措施, 对于保障尼泊尔公众健康至关重要。. La contaminación por arsénico en el agua potable de Nepal,