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关键词： 高等数学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787111675945

摘要： 本书根据396经济类联考综合能力考试的最新考试大纲、命题规律与思路，针对考生的科学提分规律编写而成.全书由微积分、概率论、线性代数三部分构成，每部分按照知识模块分为若干小节，详细讲解考试要点，精选例题，每章总结归纳难点，并配备对应单元训练。

关键词： SAMP8   Rotarod exercise   Neuroinflammation   M1 phenotype microglia   A1 phenotype astrocyte   Nitric oxide synthase activity  

摘要： It is well known that physical exercise reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related cognitive decline. However, its mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aging and rotarod exercise (Ex) on cognitive function and AD pathogenesis in the hippocampus using senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8). Cognitive functions clearly declined at 9-months of age. Amyloid-beta (A beta) deposition, neuronal loss, and glia activation-induced neuroinflammation increased with aging. The mtarod Ex prevented the decline of cognitive functions corresponding to the suppression of A beta deposition, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities, and neuronal NOS activities. In addition, the rotarod Ex suppressed proinflammatory M1 phenotype microglia and A1 phenotype astrocytes. Our findings suggest that low-intensity motor balance and coordination exercise prevented age-related cognitive decline in the early stage of AD progression, possibly through the suppression of hippocampal A beta deposition, neuronal loss, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, including reduced M1 and A1 phenotypes microglia and astrocytes.

关键词： 高等数学   研究生   入学考试   自学参考资料  

ISBN: (纸本)9787568295826

摘要： 本书分为四个部分，共十一章，为方便学生吸收及教师授课，将内容划分为45讲，共计140种题型，结构完整清晰，便于考生快速学习掌握。 每一部分开头均有（大纲解读）和（往年真题分析），该部分内容以此为依据展开，主次明确；每一考点均有（高能提示），明确考点考试地位；每一题型下均有（特征分析），明确题型特点或解题方法，高效备考。 本书不仅对每道例题及习题给出详尽解析，还针对难点添加（敲黑板）模块，这些内容是题目的精华所在，有效帮助考生将题目进行提炼升华。

关键词： milk casein   chronic stress   gut-brain axis   behavior   stress-related disorder  

摘要： Chronic stress is a major cause of mental health problems and primary medical issues. Milk has been studied for its stress-reducing effects. Tryptophan, which is abundant in milk, is a precursor of the neuroactive compounds serotonin and melatonin. This study investigated the preventive effects of milk casein on brain dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic stress. Mice were exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and milk casein was administered for 10 weeks. Milk casein significantly reduced stress-induced changes in serum corticosterone and serotonin levels. The negative effects of UCMS on the expression of proteins associated with neuroendocrine function, neurodegeneration, neuronal inflammation, and barrier function of the blood-brain barrier were statistically normalized by casein treatment. Pretreatment with casein significantly prevented anxiety-like behavior induced by UCMS. These results suggest that milk casein has the potential to prevent stress-induced brain dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior.

关键词： thiamethoxam exposure   oocytes   mice   ER stress   apoptosis  

摘要： Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in modern agriculture, and their residues have been found in the environment and food. Previous studies reported that neonicotinoids exert toxic effects in various tissues, but whether they interfered with the female reproductive process remains unknown. In our present research, thiamethoxam was selected as a representative neonicotinoid to establish a mouse toxicity model with gavage. We found that thiamethoxam decreased the ovarian coefficient and disrupted the expression of female hormone receptors, subsequently affecting follicle development. Ovarian granulosa cells from the thiamethoxam exposure group underwent a high level of apoptosis. Using transcriptome analysis, we showed that thiamethoxam exposure altered the expression of multiple oocyte genes related to inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thiamethoxam also adversely affected oocyte and embryo development. Western blotting and fluorescence staining results confirmed that thiamethoxam affected the integrity of DNA, triggered apoptosis, promoted oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired mitochondrial function. Collectively, our results indicated that thiamethoxam exposure disrupts ovarian homeostasis and decreases oocyte quality via endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis induction.