关键词： 城市化进程   中国文学   人性冲突   《进城》   小说家   主持人   写作   诗人  

摘要： 背景在目前轰轰烈烈的城市化进程中,一边是城市的繁荣,一边又有农村的衰败、土地的消失、回不去的故乡、大移民时代的人性冲突等等问题。面对这轮城市化进程,我们的文学到底应该写什么？在写作的过程中到底有什么困惑？本期＂非常观察＂栏目,我们特邀近年创作了《进城》系列作品的媒体人、小说家、诗人陈仓先生为主持人。陈仓先生邀请了正处于写作旺盛期的十位作家和诗人,一起来谈谈各自对此的思考。

关键词： 都市书写   原住民   广州   都市小说   客家   20世纪80年代以来   都市文学   咏梅  

摘要： 20世纪80年代以来,广州的都市书写,在＂都市文学＂的文学版图上树起了一面旗帜。早在1985年《广州文艺》就已推出＂都市文学＂专栏,在全国第一个打出＂都市文学＂的大旗。广州以开放和包容著称,本土文化和外来文化在这里相互碰撞,正因如此,目前从事广州都市书写的作家主要分成＂原住民＂（本土作家）与＂新客家＂（客籍作家）两大类：前一类以张梅、梁凤莲、黄爱东西、黄茵、何卓琼等为代表;后一类则以张欣、

关键词： 俄罗斯文学   城市文本   彼得堡文本   符号学   代码系统  

摘要： 本文认为,俄罗斯文学彼得堡文本作为一个完整的符号系统,具有始终一贯的话语单元。这些话语单元,在两个世纪的发展中始终保持着相对的稳定性,构成了一个巨大的超文本系统,它们表现了作为艺术整体的彼得堡文化的特殊性。同时,彼得堡文本的编码程序具有动态平衡的机制。一方面,这一动态平衡机制表现为文本的开放性,它揭示了彼得堡文本向文本以外的现实和其他城市文本的流动性。另一方面,彼得堡文本的动态平衡机制还表现为文本元编码程序(内在结构)的位移性。由于彼得堡文本的初始编码具有双重性和矛盾性,即在彼得堡的形象里,融合了两个原型:即"永恒的罗马"和"注定毁灭的彼得堡",这使得俄罗斯文学的彼得堡书写拥有了在多重语义空间"位移"的可能。

关键词： outdoor thermal environment   urbanmicroclimate   urban heat island (UHI)   urban geometry   vegetation   urban design   thermal balance  

摘要： This paper presents a literature review on urban design indicators addressing the impact of urban geometry and vegetation on the outdoor thermal environment at the pedestrian level, as urban geometry and vegetation have been regarded as the most influential urban design factors that affect outdoor microclimate. The thermal balance concept is first introduced to elaborate how each component of energy fluxes is affected by the urban built environment, which helps to explore the underlying thermophysical mechanisms of how urban design modifies the outdoor thermal environment. The literature on numerous urban design descriptors addressing urban geometric characteristics is categorized into five groups in this paper according to the design features that the parameters entail, including land use intensity, building form, canyon geometry, space enclosure and descriptive characteristics. The literature on urban vegetation descriptors is reviewed together, followed by the combined effect of urban geometry and vegetation. This paper identifies a series of important urban design parameters and shows that the impact of design parameters on thermal environment varies with time, season, local climate and urban contexts. Contradictory impacts often occur between daytime and nighttime, or different seasons, which requests trade-offs to be achieved when proposing design strategies.

关键词： high-density gauge network   rain gauge   weather radar   quantitative precipitation estimation   urban runoff simulation  

摘要： Flood prediction is difficult in urban areas because only sparse gauge data and radar data of low accuracy are usually used to analyze flooding and inundation. Sub-basins of urban areas are extremely small, so rainfall data of high spatial resolution are required for analyzing complex drainage systems with high spatial variability. This study aimed to produce three types of quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products using rainfall data that was derived from 190 gauges, including the new high-density rain-gauge network operated by the SK Planet company, and the automated weather stations of the Korea Meteorological Administration, along with weather radar data. This study also simulated urban runoff for the Gangnam District of Seoul, South Korea, using the obtained QPE products to evaluate hydraulic and hydrologic impacts according to three rainfall fields. The accuracy of this approach was assessed in terms of the amount and spatial distribution of rainfall in an urban area. The QPE products provided highly accurate results and simulations of peak runoff and overflow phenomena. They also accurately described the spatial variability of the rainfall fields. Overall, the integration of high-density gauge data with radar data proved beneficial for quantitative rainfall estimation.

关键词： 女性独立   改编   热潮   城市   性格  

摘要： 电视剧《我的前半生》改编自亦舒的同名小说,虽然情节改动较大但主题仍保持了原作的精神——女性独立。电视剧的改编结合原著小说中的人物性格,深入地展现现代离婚女性如何重新找回自己并且活得更精彩。

关键词： 编后记   文学发展   文学期刊   《论语》   文学样式   30年代   都市文学   创办过程  

摘要： 文学期刊对文学发展的意义不言而喻,本期所刊发的几篇相关文章都有所呈现。裴春芳的文章揭示了《论语》半月刊与＂幽默性灵小品文＂的形成的关系,对这种文体内在的意蕴和笔调的阐释也挖掘颇深。温江斌则着眼于期刊与新的文学样式的关系,呈现了1930年代《妇人画报》中＂掌篇小说＂的风格与意义,对于理解都市文学有参考意义。赵普光的文章对《民族诗坛》这一抗战时期的文学刊物的创办过程、作者群体、文学取向等问题有详细的考察和深入的分析,

关键词： Hydrological change   Climate change   Land use and cover change   Urbanization   tRIBS  

摘要： This paper proposes a modeling framework able to analyze the alterations in watershed hydrology induced by two recurrent drivers for hydrological changes: climate change and urbanization. The procedure is based on the coupling of a stochastic weather generator with a land use change model for the generation of some hypothetical scenarios. The generated scenarios are successively used to force a physically-based and spatial distributed hydrological model to reconstruct the basin response under different conditions. Several potential climate alterations are simulated by imposing negative and positive variations in the mean annual precipitation and a simultaneous temperature increase. Urbanization is conceptualized by an increase in the impervious fraction of the basin. The procedure is applied to a large basin and a much smaller sub-basin;the results show how climate and land use changes may interact and affect the fundamental hydrological dynamics and how the processes governing basin hydrological response may change with spatial scale. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensor placement   Coastal cities   Flooding   Graph theory   Flood control   Drainage network   Jakarta   Optimisation   Developing countries   Mega-cities  

摘要： Management decisions, including real-time control of hydrological infrastructure assets such as drainage channels or waterways, floodgates, pumping stations, etc. are crucial for the sustainability of flood-prone coastal mega-cities. The veracity of such crucial flood control decisions depends heavily on the availability of city-wide, real-time water-level data which is often lacking in developing countries. Smart sensors can reliably provide the required data, but installing one of these devices in every single point in the hydrological network is not economically feasible. This study proposes a methodology for finding optimal locations for the placement of a limited number of water-level sensors, such that the acquired data are most relevant for facilitating informed decisions about management of the flood control infrastructure in different parts of a coastal city. The proposed methodology entails defining a set of optimisation objectives and constraint, which are then assessed computationally at each potential sensor location through the topological/connectivity analysis of a city-wide, graph-based hydrological infrastructure network. The computed values are then utilised in an optimisation algorithm (NSGA-II) to determine the optimal locations for the placement of a limited number of sensors. The usefulness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated in deploying water-level sensors in the city of Jakarta.

关键词： postsecondary education   Black males   urban   academic achievement   urban education   African American students  

摘要： In the last 20 years, the U.S. higher education system has witnessed the tremendous growth of for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs). In fact, FPCUs have quickly become the fastest growing segment of postsecondary education. With innovative practices and alternative delivery of educational services, FPCUs have established a considerable pipeline for minority students, especially Blacks. This article presents research and literature on the phenomenon of the rising FPCU and what it represents for racial minorities, especially Black males. Recommendations for practice and policy for Black male student success are offered.