关键词： 创意城市   世界文学城市   文化产业   旅游品牌营销  

摘要： "世界文学城市"是世界创意城市中的一项内容,目前中国还无一城市加入。南京具有深厚而优秀的古典文学资源和活跃的当代文学产业,具备加盟"世界文学城市"的基本条件。从城市品牌营销战略角度整合南京无形的文学资源及相关产业,优化有形的文学遗址及城市景观空间,塑造南京的国际文化城市新形象,将最终实现提升南京城市竞争力和国际知名度的旅游品牌营销战略目标。

关键词： Rainfall-runoff modeling   Urban fragmentation   Total imperviousness   Threshold effect   Urbanization impacts  

摘要： The impacts of urbanization on floods, droughts and the overall river regime have been largely investigated in the past few decades, but the quantification and the prediction of such impacts still remain a challenge in hydrology. We gathered a sample of 142 catchments that have a documented increase in urban areas over the hydrometeorological record period in the United States. The changes in river flow regimes due to urban spread were differentiated from climate variability using the GR4J conceptual hydrological model. High, low and mean flows were impacted at a threshold of a 10% total impervious area. Moreover, the historical evolution of urban landscape spatial patterns was used to further detail the urbanization process in terms of extent and fragmentation of urban areas throughout the catchment and to help interpret the divergent impacts observed in streamflow behaviors. Regression analysis pointed out the importance of major wastewater treatment facilities that might overpass the effects of imperviousness, and therefore further research should either take them explicitly into account or select a wastewater facility-free catchment sample to clearly evaluate the impacts of urban landscape on low flows. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Historical ecology   Legacy effect   Social-ecological system   Tree diversity   Urban ecology   Urban tree canopy  

摘要： Understanding how urban forests developed their current patterns of tree canopy cover, species composition, and diversity requires an appreciation of historical legacy effects. However, analyses of current urban forest characteristics are often limited to contemporary socioeconomic factors, overlooking the role of history. The institutions, human communities, and biophysical conditions of cities change over time, creating layers of legacies on the landscape, shifting urban forests through complex interactive processes and feedbacks. Urban green spaces and planted trees can persist long after their establishment, meaning that today's mature canopy reflects conditions and decisions from many years prior. In this synthesis article, we discuss some of the major historical human and biophysical drivers and associated legacy effects expressed in present urban forest patterns, highlighting examples in the United States and Canada. The bioregional context - native biome, climate, topography, initial vegetation, and pre-urbanization land use - represents the initial conditions in which a city established and grew, and this context influences how legacy effects unfold. Human drivers of legacy effects can reflect specific historical periods: colonial histories related to the symbolism of certain species, and the urban parks and civic beautification movements. Other human drivers include phenomena that cut across time periods such as neighborhood urban form and socioeconomic change. Biophysical legacy effects include the consequences of past disturbances such as extreme weather events and pest and disease outbreaks. Urban tree professionals play a major role in many legacy effects by mediating the interactions and feedbacks between biophysical and human drivers. We emphasize the importance of historical perspectives to understand past drivers that have produced current urban forest patterns, and call for interdisciplinary and mixed methods research to unpack the mechanisms of l

关键词： integrated urban water management   trend analysis   citation analysis   research direction prediction   NoteExpress   CiteSpace  

摘要： Sponge City research has been attracting extensive attention both in practical and theoretical research field, as the increased threat of flood risk and environmental safety due to urbanization. Varies names of Sponge City prevalent in different countries, which leads to disconnection of literature in the same field of Sponge City. In this paper, a systematic literature mining of Sponge City is presented. A literature analysis system is created, which includes literature export from Web of Sciences and systematic analysis via NoteExpress and CiteSpace. Based on the final document storage which contains 962 articles, general trends are identified. Literature is classified into 9 theme types. Research foci of Sponge City are detected by citation and keywords burst detection. Further, some future research directions of Sponge City are anticipated, including trans-disciplinary approaches, a comprehensive design framework, application of information technology, and case studies of Sponge City in more parts of the world. The significance of this paper lies in summarizing past research, identifying research types, foci and anticipating some future research directions.

摘要： From the early treatments of key fictions such as Kristiaan Versluys's Out of the Blue (2009) to encyclopedic compendiums such as Birgit Dawes's Ground Zero Fiction (2011) and the numerous recent thematically focused analyses, scholars have turned to theories of trauma and of the spectacle, to the figure of the Other, to the transatlantic comparisons, and to the global geopolitical context to explain what sense contemporary Anglophone writers have made of the 9/11 terrorist attack and its ongoing reverberations in the early twentieth *** on Chris Cleave's Incendiary, Ali's Brick Lane, and Ian McEwan's Saturday explore two very different Londons-the white working class and postcolonial immigrant East End and the upper class West End, juxtaposed yet bound together like two hemispheres of one brain-haunted by the spectacularity of 9/11 and the repercussions of the global "war on terror" as well as by memories of homes in former British colonies left behind yet now reappearing to some protagonists as the only options for tolerable *** that it is London that has experienced multiple terrorist attacks in the wake of 9/11, Golimowska's observation that while the New York-based novels imagine "a cure for the city and the characters" by "featur[ing] ways of remapping and reclaiming the space, Londonbased texts focus on writing scenarios of the city's end" (185) acquires an uncanny ring of prescience.

关键词： Slums   Informal settlements   Urban poverty   Building morphologies   Urban pattern   Remote sensing  

摘要： When we think about living environments of the urban poor, slums might be the most immediate association. These slums evoke a more or less stereotype impression of built environments: complex, high dense alignments of small makeshift or run-down shelters. However, this perceived characteristic morphology is neither globally homogeneous nor is this perception covering morphologic appearances of urban poverty in a comprehensive way. This research provides an empirical baseline study of existing morphologies, their similarities and differences across the globe. To do so, we conceptually approach urban poverty as places which provide relatively cheap living spaces serving as possible access to the city, to its society and to its functions so called Arrival Cities. Based on a systematic literature survey we select a sample of 44 Arrival Cities across the globe. Using very high resolution optical satellite data in combination with street view images and field work we derive level of detail-1 3D-building models for all study areas. We measure the spatial structure of these settlements by the spatial pattern (by three features - building density, building orientation and heterogeneity of the pattern) and the morphology of individual buildings (by two features building size and height). We develop a morphologic settlement type index based on all five features allowing categorization of Arrival Cities. We find a large morphologic variety for built environments of the urban poor, from slum and slum-like structures to formal and planned structures. This variability is found on all continents, within countries and even within a single city. At the same time detected categories (such as slums) are found to have very similar physical features across the globe.

关键词： Urban flooding   land use   time-to-peak values   HEC-HMS  

摘要： This paper describes the impact of altered land use on urban flooding in Northwest Indiana over a 10-year time span between 1992 and 2001. The studied watershed, the Great Calumet basin, is located on the south shore of Lake Michigan, which is well known as a highly industrialized area. The flood peaks and the time-to-peak values are used to analyze the flooding problems of the study area. The study uses a Hydrologic Engineering Center for Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model to explore the change in land use represented by Curve Number (CN). The model parameters are calibrated using archived raintall data available in National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and United States Geological Survey (USGS) Instantaneous Data Archive (IDA). All four simulations show that the peak flow of simulated hydrographs in the terrain conditions of 2001 is by 22% higher than that in the terrain of 1992. The paper concludes with the results of simulation analyses that can be used to remedy flooding problems in the study area.

关键词： City size distribution   Zipf's law   Gibrat's law   Pareto distribution   Lognormal distribution   Double Pareto lognormal distribution  

摘要： This study provides a systematic review of the existing literature on Zipfs law for city size distribution. Existing empirical evidence suggests that Zipfs law is not always observable even for the upper-tail cities of a territory. However, the controversy with empirical findings arises due to sample selection biases, methodological weaknesses and data limitations. The hypothesis of Zipfs law is more likely to be rejected for the entire city size distribution and, in such case, alternative distributions have been suggested. On the contrary, the hypothesis is more likely to be accepted if better empirical methods are employed and cities are properly defined. The debate is still far from to be conclusive. In addition, we identify four emerging areas in Zipfs law and city size distribution research including the size distribution of lower-tail cities, the size distribution of cities in sub-national regions, the alternative forms of Zipfs law, and the relationship between Zipfs law and the coherence property of the urban system. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 藏语文学   现代转型   城市空间   认同表达  

摘要： 随着现代化进程的不断推进,中国西部社会原有的乡土生活习性和表述方式被不断重构,社会文化形态发生了重大变化。在这一背景下,藏语文学中书写现代城市空间的作品正在日益增多,这既与现实社会的现代化与全球化因素相关,也与藏语文学内在话语机制的当代嬗变紧密相连。本文以21世纪以来刊发的藏语小说为例,试图分析这一现代转型语境下藏语文学中的城市空间书写特征,并对文学文本所体现的认同问题进行探讨。