关键词： 网络文学   区域性   行业组织   运营模式  

摘要： 网络文学行业发展迅猛,北京、上海等地行业协会不断出现,成都市也成立了"成都市网络文学联盟",推动本地行业资源聚集和产业发展。文章结合成都市网络文学行业发展现状和存在的瓶颈,对成都市网络文学联盟的运营模式进行了研究,对其发起方的组成、品牌化活动的打造、产业孵化和助推等方面进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了区域性网络文学行业组织组建原则,对联盟的进一步发展提出了相关建议。

关键词： ARTISTS   NONFICTION  

关键词： 改革开放文学四十年   城市文学   城市书写   进城叙事  

摘要： 改革开放四十年以来,城市文学的重要性表现得越来越突出。城市文学不仅是当代文学重要的组成部分,而且能够在极大程度上说明当代文学的当代性。随着新时期之后城市经验的积累和表达,城市书写已经积聚了大量新的问题与方法,其概念本身也需要得到重新定义。"进城"叙事与城市空间、个人主义问题与城市表象的再现、底层书写以及中产阶级话语的发生、城市先锋与青年书写的可能性等等现象与命题,是我们沿之讨论当代四十年城市经验与书写形成的路径。

关键词： 城市文学   伦理视角   形象变迁   人物   城市伦理   “先生”   新文学   小姐  

摘要： 关于城市文学，学界曾研究过城市的空间、叙事、审美，但是较少对城市伦理有所关注。新文学曾提过“德先生”（民主）、“赛先生”（科学），同时也提过一位“莫小姐”（伦理），但可能由于两位“先生”的身影过于高大，以至于遮掩了“莫小姐”的存在。

关键词： 第三空间   打工文学   外来工   索亚   文学地理  

摘要： 改革开放以来,在国家与资本的双重作用下,流动于农村与城市的打工一族开始出现。打工文学作为打工者发声的平台,不仅反映了打工者观照城市的方式,也体现出城市中不同主体对打工者的规训。文章以打工文学为分析内容与工具,以索亚的"第三空间"为分析理论,从身体、厂区、城市三种空间层次出发,探讨了外来工在城市生活中的空间体验。研究发现,外来工的生活空间充满了"第三空间"的特征,是一个被资本与权力的话语操控的空间,体现为外来工"我者-他者""压迫-抵抗""核心-边缘"的多元体验。这一城市空间体验也促进了打工者群体主体性的建构。

关键词： urban hydrology   impervious disconnection   residential parcel   soil compaction   runoff   ecohydrologic interfaces  

摘要： Accurately predicting the hydrologic effects of urbanization requires an understanding of how hydrologic processes are affected by low-impact development practices. In this study, we explored how growing season surface runoff, deep drainage, and evapotranspiration on a residential parcel are affected by several low-impact interventions, including three "impervious-centric" interventions (disconnecting downspouts, disconnecting sidewalks, and adding a transverse slope to the driveway and front walk), two "pervious-centric" interventions (decompacting soil and adding microtopography), and all possible "holistic" combinations. Results were compared to both a highly and moderately compacted baseline parcel under an average and a dry weather scenario for a temperate climate. We find that under reasonable assumptions for highly compacted soil, pervious areas are a major source of runoff and disconnecting impervious surfaces may be relatively less effective without improving soil conditions. Under both highly and moderately compacted soil conditions, combining efforts to decompact soil with impervious disconnection has a synergistic effect on reducing surface runoff and increasing deep drainage and evapotranspiration. All combinations of interventions enhance infiltration, but the partitioning of additional root zone water between deep drainage and evapotranspiration depends on the weather scenario. Importantly, when all low-impact interventions are applied together, growing season deep drainage is higher than that from a vacant lot with no impervious surfaces. We infer that ecohydrologic interfaces between impervious and pervious areas are strong controls on urban hydrologic fluxes and that high-resolution, process-based models can be used to account for these interfaces and thereby improve predictions of the hydrologic effects of low-impact interventions.

关键词： Urban system   Resilience assessment   Natural disasters   Network approach   Fragility analysis   Open space  

摘要： In parallel with the observed greater frequency of natural disasters worldwide, there has been an ever-increasing interest in urban resilience and its assessment. Experience obtained in recent extreme events (in particular, earthquakes and floods) has revealed that both the level of preparedness and the response of affected cities were insufficiently high, whereas the recovery process was long and expensive. For this reason improved pre-disaster mitigation actions, as well as smart and strategic urban planning in threatened areas (e.g. in earthquake-prone regions), is essential. For this purpose, a comprehensive review of the existing literature has been performed in relation to the holistic assessment of urban system resilience to natural disasters, with an emphasis on the effect of earthquakes. The main goal of the review was to try to determine how to best assess the resilience of urban systems as a whole, taking into account all of their components, i.e. both the physical components (i.e. of buildings, infrastructure, and open spaces) and the social components (i.e. of the community), as well as the dynamic interactions between them. Besides considering the commonly measured indicators (e.g. determination of the scope of actual structural damage caused by an earthquake), the paper tries to extend the discussion to some indicators which are not so commonly taken into account, by applying a quantitative resilience assessment approach. Based on the results of the described new literature review, a preliminary concept which could be used to assess the seismic resilience of complex urban systems, taking into account all urban components which have been identified as having an important impact on the latter, is presented. This concept consists of three different parts: (i) a probabilistic fragility analysis for each individual physical element (i.e. a building or an infrastructure element), (ii) a composite index methodology for the measurement of community disaster r

关键词： Urban greenspace   Parks   Supply factors   Demand   Systematic review  

摘要： Over the past two decades, there has been an efflorescence of park and greenspace research. This trend may reflect substantial increases in urban populations globally and concomitant pressures on land resources - including greenspace. But so far research has mainly tended to focus on demand rather than supply, and specifically the practice of provision - notwithstanding the body of literature studying disparities in greenspace access and geographic distribution through an environmental justice lens (e.g. using spatial analysis). Comparatively fewer studies have considered the interplay of factors that may shape local government's capacity to supply greenspace. This paper reports results of a systematic quantitative review of the greenspace provision literature: assessing the factors that configure its supply, and different approaches to planning and assessing greenspace provision. A conceptual model is offered, explaining the interaction between greenspace provision factors across different scales. Findings suggest many cities continue to experience gaps between planned and actual green space provision. Moreover, urban greenspace is typically planned using a recreational standards approach, despite increasing demands for a range of ecosystem functions, services, and benefits. Future research should engage directly with greenspace managers responsible for urban greenspace delivery, especially in rapidly expanding cities, to illuminate points of convergence and divergence between theory and practice. Policy implications include consideration of holistic greenspace planning approaches that better recognise and respond to emerging demands upon, and for, urban greenspace.

关键词： 1800-1899   Benito Pérez Galdós   Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera   Mexican literature 1800-1899   omnibus   Spanish literature   Tram  

摘要： This essay considers Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera's 'La novela del tranvía' (1882) in light of the literature of collective urban transportation in the nineteenth century. The first part of the study explores how the Mexican text represents the tram and how its narrator-passenger attempts to deal with the vastness and unfamiliarity of the urban space by projecting clichés and commonplaces onto his fellow travelers. The second part compares and contrasts the work with Benito Pérez Galdós's short story 'La novela en el tranvía' (1871), which similarly features a narrator who projects plots onto other tram passengers. The essay concludes with some reflections on the esthetic classification of the Mexican work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Local authority   Stakeholder participation   Resources   Legislation   Governance arrangements  

摘要： Conventional piped drainage systems are currently being challenged by climate change and urbanization, leading to pluvial flooding, with negative consequences for people's properties and lives. Sustainable stormwater management has been suggested as an alternative, but implementation of its infrastructures is often limited to demonstration zones. Governance factors are among the main reasons for the slow pace. A literature review analyzing 44 peer-reviewed papers was conducted to examine the challenges from a governance perspective. The challenges identified were summarized based on actors, resources, rules of the game, and discourses. Challenges such as unclear leadership and responsibilities, lack of funding, lack of cost data on sustainable stormwater management solutions, lack of space and knowledge, lack of uniform guidelines, and lack of stakeholder participation were found to be the most prominent reasons. Suggested solutions to overcoming these challenges include e.g., researchers acting as knowledge brokers, the involvement of social capital among local stakeholders, re-using vacant land, establishing uniform guidelines, and increasing market incentives to engage stakeholders. The governance structures of stormwater management were categorized as hierarchical, closed and open co-governance arrangements, while open co-governance arrangement was suggested as a useful governance structure. The difference is that the latter structure engages stakeholders, which is of benefits to increased sustainable stormwater management implementation. More research on social-economical aspects is suggested. These findings can improve understanding among decision makers and other relevant actors of challenges related to implementing sustainable stormwater management as a primary solution to the current climate and urbanization challenges. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.