摘要： Landslides and floods, particularly flash floods, occurred recently in many Mediterranean catchments as a consequence of heavy rainfall events, causing damage and sometimes casualties. The high hazard is often associated with high vulnerability deriving from intense urbanization, in particular along the coastline where streams are habitually culverted. The necessary risk mitigation strategies should be applied at the catchment scale with a holistic approach, avoiding spot interventions. In the present work, a high-risk area, hit in the past by several floods and concurrent superficial landslides due to extremely localized and intense rain events, has been studied. A total of 21 small catchments have been identified: only some of them have been hit by extremely damaging past events, but all lie in the intense-rain high-hazard area and are strongly urbanized in the lower coastal zone. The question is what would happen if an intense rain event should strike one of the not previously hit catchments;some situations could be worse or not, so attention has been focused on the comparison among catchments. The aim of the research has been identifying a priority scale among catchments, pointing out the more critical ones and giving a quantitative comparison tool for decision makers to support strong scheduling of long-time planning interventions at the catchment scale. The past events' effects and the geomorphic process analysis together with the field survey allowed us to select three sets of parameters: one describing the morphometric- morphological features related to flood and landslide hazard, another describing the degree of urbanization and of anthropogenic modifications at the catchment scale and the last related to the elements that are exposed to risk. The realized geodatabase allowed us to apply the spatial multicriteria analysis technique (S-MCA) to the descriptive parameters and to obtain a priority scale among the analyzed catchments. The scale can be used to pl

关键词： Urban climate   Rainfall-runoff chain   Climate and anthropogenic induced changes   Developing and developed countries  

摘要： To quantify how urbanization induced long-term changes have altered the evolution of urban climate, a novel ecohydrological diagnostic is introduced and applied globally, to a developing and a developed country (China and US-America). Urban areas are (i) geographically identified by remote sensing based nighttime light, (ii) physically embedded in state spaces spanned by suitable combinations of surface energy and water fluxes comprising the rainfall-runoff chain, and (iii) dynamically characterized by the time evolution of the surface fluxes at geographically fixed locations, analyzed as trajectories in state space, and interpreted by an attributionmodel separating anthropogenic from climate induced causes. The results describe the long term climatological settings of urban areas in a net radiation versus dryness diagram, while the attribution of change is diagnosed in a state space spanned by energy and water excess: (i) Cities in China are characterized by a bi-modal distribution separated by the boundary between water and energy-limited (northern and southern) regimes while US-American cities are assembling unimodally on this boundary, and globally the urbanized areas are also aligned along this boundary between water and energy-limited regimes. (ii) Attribution of eco-hydrological changes of urbanized regions to climate and human-induced causes shows also basic differences between the developing and developed country: urbanization in Chinese cities is characterized by a 'wet-gets-drier' and 'dry-gets-wetter' paradigm of the climate-induced contributions, due to which cities tend towards a unimodal state as it is observed for US-American urban areas. Finally, implications for large scale city planning are discussed in the outlook. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 海绵城市   建设   水文问题  

摘要： 本文探讨海绵城市水系统及海绵城市建设问题,进一步分析水文若干问题,通过有效的计算方式,解决降水量及径流量等计算问题,为海绵城市建设提供参考依据。

关键词： 城市水管理   城市水文学   城市水文效应   产汇流理论   水系统模型  

摘要： 过去数十年来,我国经济社会快速发展,城市化进程不断加快,但由于不合理的城市规划和建设,自然水循环系统受到无序的干扰和破坏,引发了一系列城市水问题,城市水管理工作面临巨大挑战。城市水管理的理论支撑就是以研究城市水循环为核心的城市水文科学,"海绵城市"建设作为我国现代城市水管理的重大战略,必须以城市水文学理论为依据,深入研究城市水循环机理和规律。本文围绕城市水管理支撑理论,系统梳理了国内外在城市化水文效应、城市产汇流理论、城市雨洪模拟与管理方面的研究进展,指出城市水文观测与预报、城市化水文效应与产汇流理论、城市综合水系统模型研究是当前和未来一段时间研究的重点和难点。提出了我国当前城市水管理和海绵城市建设所面临的城市产汇流基础理论、城市气象水文监测和水文过程模拟技术问题,以及城市水文学研究应对变化环境下城市复杂的综合水问题开展基于多学科理论的全面精细化模拟分析的基本思路。

关键词： 《倾城之恋》   张爱玲   文学上海   时间   记忆   苍凉  

摘要： 文学上海的概念是在海派文学、上海文学基础上被提出来的,旨在建立上海与文学及现实与想象的复杂关系,而城市不仅作为背景给文学提供素材和空间,它也在影响文学的内在机制。张爱玲在短篇小说《倾城之恋》中加入城市的元素,城市与时代连接在一起,也与故事里的爱恋连接。本文从时间和记忆角度分析《倾城之恋》中的都市世界,解读小说中的苍凉。

关键词： 出版座谈会   《都市》   改革开放   文学院   专刊   太原   公开发行   文学作品  

摘要： 12月18日下午,太原文学院召开了《都市》“庆祝改革开放40周年专刊”出版座谈会。《都市》是我市唯一一本发表纯文学作品的公开发行的期刊。

关键词： water supply   urban health   environmental health   cyanobacteria   review literature   fresh water  

摘要： Urbanized river basins usually suffer from anthropogenic pressure, compromising the quality of water. Unsafe water is a risk to public health, especially when there are occurrences of HABs (Harmful Algae Blooms) as in the case of cyanobacteria, which cause different human health problems. In this paper, we aimed to review the scientific literature documenting what has been studied in the scope of the stratified reservoirs of urbanized basins. The mapping review method was used to categorize existing literature on urbanized watersheds and eutrophic reservoirs. Using the keywords Eutrophic Reservoir and Urban and selecting all the years of open publication on the Science web page, we obtained 69 results, 53 of them meeting the requirements established for the search. Many of the studies mention as the most important determinant for eutrophication of reservoirs and the proliferation of algae, the anthropogenic influence through the diffuse load of streets, domestic and industrial sewage, and even drainage water from agricultural areas in the basin. The results of this study reinforce that informal settlements without sanitary infrastructure are aggravating the deterioration of water quality in urban water sources and therefore posing many risks to public health.