关键词： sustainable urban mobility   business model   business model innovation   sustainable business models   literature review  

摘要： Although researchers have increasingly examined how business models promote sustainable urban mobility through innovation, the literature has focused less attention on what constitutes a sustainable and innovative business model in the context of urban mobility. To fill this research gap, this article aims to answer the following research question: what elements characterize sustainable and innovative business models in the field of urban mobility? To identify whether and to what extent the existing intersection between business models and sustainable urban mobility literature contributes to the development of this concept, a systematic review and analysis of the literature was conducted. The results indicate that the following aspects contribute to the sustainability of an urban mobility business model: favoring the use of clean energy;maximizing the use of transport resources and capabilities;encouraging substitution using sustainable modes;offering service orientation and functionality;articulating initiatives that address the needs of a wide range of stakeholders in transport systems;reducing travel demands;extending benefits to society and the environment in a systemic perspective;and developing scale-up mobility solutions.

关键词： Urban sustainability   Environmental indicators   Tianjin Eco-City KPI   Scientific rationale   Bibliometric analysis   Geographical analysis  

摘要： Recent intensive eco-city development in China has been accompanied by rising enthusiasm for environmental sustainability indicators. Whilst there are calls for the indicators to be standardised, and criticism of the difficulties in applying them, little effort has been made to understand their scientific rationale. This article employs a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to investigate the use of environmental indicators from the Tianjin Eco-City Key Performance Indicators by the international scientific community working on urban sustainability. The findings draw a clear picture of the place of Tianjin Eco-City's indicators in the international scientific literature. China's ecological problems are found to attract interest not only from domestic researchers but also researchers outside the country. The indicators are used not only for urban planning and management but also for a wide range of urban-related and non-urban-related purposes. The scientific rationale of the eleven indicators is specifically addressed, revealing a number of underlying questions about the Tianjin Eco-City indicators. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topography  

摘要： New integral, finite-volume forms of the Saint-Venant equations for one-dimensional (1-D) open-channel flow are derived. The new equations are in the flux-gradient conservation form and transfer portions of both the hydrostatic pressure force and the gravitational force from the source term to the conservative flux term. This approach prevents irregular channel topography from creating an inherently non-smooth source term for momentum. The derivation introduces an analytical approximation of the free surface across a finite-volume element (e.g., linear, parabolic) with a weighting function for quadrature with bottom topography. This new free-surface/topography approach provides a single term that approximates the integrated piezometric pressure over a control volume that can be split between the source and the conservative flux terms without introducing new variables within the discretization. The resulting conservative finite-volume equations are written entirely in terms of flow rates, cross-sectional areas, and water surface elevations - without using the bottom slope (S-0). The new Saint-Venant equation form is (1) inherently conservative, as compared to non-conservative finite-difference forms, and (2) inherently well-balanced for irregular topography, as compared to conservative finite-volume forms using the Cunge-Liggett approach that rely on two integrations of topography. It is likely that this new equation form will be more tractable for large-scale simulations of river networks and urban drainage systems with highly variable topography as it ensures the inhomogeneous source term of the momentum conservation equation is Lipschitz smooth as long as the solution variables are smooth.

关键词： Place   space   cognitive mapping   young adults   reading  

摘要： Raban (1974. Soft City: What Cities Do To Us, and How They Change the Way We Live, Think and Feel. London: Hamish Hamilton, 2) distinguishes between the 'hard' city of statistics and maps, versus the 'soft' city of the 'creative play of urban living', 'an art' which enables urbanites to mould cities in their desired image. This case study reviews approaches to conceptualising urban space, exploring practical tasks through which London students can engage with, and write about, their place-related identities in order to enhance their readings of the rich range of literature set in their city. Developing an unconventional approach to teaching two A-level (16-18 years old) English Literature coursework texts - John Gay's (1716) Trivia and Geoff Nicholson's (1997) Bleeding London - it was hoped that students might be helped to ask whether a comprehensive ('hard') knowledge of London can ever be achieved. This case study is primarily an account of the students' own London maps, a creative task designed to help them engage thematically with the coursework texts.

关键词： 城市文学   海派文化   城市美学  

摘要： 一个时代有一个时代的精神,一个时代有一个时代的文学,一个城市也有一个城市的时代精神和时代文学。作为当代城市文学的华丽篇章,何建明的《浦东史诗》以不平凡的脚力、眼力、脑力和笔力,生动表现了以新时代浦东精神和海派文化为代表的城市文明和城市精神对城市建设发展的重要引领作用,为我国以精神文明建设推进城镇化发展之路提供了鲜活的样本,也为当代中国城市文学提供了清朗俊逸、刚健昂扬的审美经验。

关键词： SWMM   high   resolution   low   resolution   rainfall   characteristics   parameter   transferability  

摘要： This study examined the influence of spatial resolution on model parameterization,output,and the parameter transferability between different resolutions using the Storm Water Management ***-resolution models,in which most subcatchrnents were homogeneous,and high-resolution-based low-resolution models (in 3 scenarios)were constructed for a highly urbanized catchment in *** results indicated that the parameterization and simulation results were affected by both spatial resolution and rainfall *** simulated peak inflow and total runoff volume were sensitive to the spatial resolution,but did not show a consistent ***-resolution models performed very well for both calibration and validation events in terms of three indexes:1)the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, 2)the peak flow error,and 3)the volume error;indication of the advantage of using these *** parameters obtained from high-resolution models could be directly used in the low-resolution models and performed well in the simulation of heavy rain and torrential rain and in the study area where sub-area routing is ***,sub-area routing should be considered and estimated *** successful scale conversion from high spatial resolution to low spatial resolution is of great significance for the hydrological simulation of ungauged large areas.

关键词： 俄国文学   现代性体验   城市空间  

摘要： 马歇尔·伯曼以现代性体验理论结合空间批评的视角解读了俄国文学的现代性。他指出小人物形象的嬗变承载了俄国现代思想的变迁,真实与虚幻并存的二元性,自嘲的表达形式和特有的激情,构成了俄国文学现代性的基本特点,并使其成为第三世界现代主义的原型。伯曼的解读将独特的理论性与文本研究相结合,其观点具有启发意义。

关键词： 左翼文学   新感觉派   文学与城市   都市美学  

摘要： 随着人类文明进程的迅速发展,城市和文学的关系也越来越密切,城市在文学描写中的地位也日益重要。20世纪20、30年代,中国的新感觉派文学和左翼文学几乎同时把目光转向上海,这两种不同形态的文学从不同的角度诠释了这座城市。它们在都市描写的广度和深度、作家的情感模式、都市中的人物形象特征以及都市美学的表达等角度上既有相似之处,也有显著的差别,共同演绎了中国这座城市的荣辱浮沉,为中国现代都市美学谱写了新的篇章。