关键词： 旅行文学   乌托邦   异托邦   城市形象学  

摘要： 旅行和写作总是内在地结合在一起,旅行文学就是以散文、日记、诗歌、小说等叙事范式表现旅行内容的文学作品。旅行文学与乌托邦叙事有着相辅相成的关系,乌托邦城市的发现、观察和讲述大多是由旅行者进行的。但是乌托邦毕竟是虚幻的存在,与之对立的是异托邦。作为一种真实的空间存在,异托邦具有六种典型的特征,这些特征构成城市形象学研究的基础。

关键词： 中国文学研究   后现代思潮   城市   盘点   图书   地理   90年代以来   60年代  

摘要： 空间研究获得新生,是受20世纪60年代以来后现代思潮的影响,研究者对于时间/历史的关注开始偏向空间。对空间的重视延伸到文学研究领域,导致了空间文论的兴盛。90年代以来,随着后现代思潮与文化研究的传入,中国文学研究界也出现了大量的以文学中的空间概念为研究对象的文论。

关键词： 城市文学   王威廉   反映论   乡土文学  

摘要： 一'城市文学'作为研究热点自上世纪90年代开始兴起。值得注意的是,'城市文学'其实是1990年代中国经济市场化背景下社会快速城镇化所催生的文学想象。研究者基于反映论思路,相信'城市文学'必将在时间的线性进程中替代在20世纪中国力量庞大的'乡土文学',并由此回溯至1930年代的'新感觉派',后设地建立起严丝合缝的'城市文学史'。

关键词： Climate-resilient water safety plans   Water safety plans   Drinking water   Climate impacts   Climate change  

摘要： In recent years, the water safety plan approach has been extended towards climate-resilient water safety planning. This happened in response to increasing insight into impacts of climate on drinking-water and required adaptation to anticipated climate change. Literature was reviewed for published guidance and case examples, documenting how to consider climate in water safety planning to support future uptake. Climate-resilient water safety plans were piloted within a project in the water supplies of Addis Ababa and Adama, Ethiopia. Case examples have been published in four of six WHO regions with a focus on urban supplies. Integration of climate aspects focused mostly on the steps of establishing the team, system description, hazard analysis and risk assessment, improvement planning and development of management procedures. While the traditional framework focuses on drinking-water quality, considering climate change augments aspects of water quantity. Therefore, other factors affecting water quantity such as population development and demand of other sectors need to be considered as well. Local climate information and tools should be employed as a significant success factor for future uptake. Such information should be incorporated as it becomes available, and may - depending on the setting be incrementally integrated into existing water safety plans or used to develop new ones.

关键词： areal reduction factor   areal rainfall   design storms   urban drainage  

摘要： In the design practice of urban hydrological systems, e.g., storm-water drainage systems, design rainfall is typically assumed spatially homogeneous over a given catchment. For catchments larger than approximately 10 km(2), this leads to significant overestimation of the design rainfall intensities, and thus potentially oversizing of urban drainage systems. By extending methods from rural hydrology to urban hydrology, this paper proposes the introduction of areal reduction factors in urban drainage design focusing on temporal and spatial scales relevant for urban hydrological applications (1 min to 1 day and 0.1 to 100 km(2)). Storm-centred areal reduction factors are developed based on a 15-year radar rainfall dataset from Denmark. From the individual storms, a generic relationship of the areal reduction factor as a function of rainfall duration and area is derived. This relationship can be directly implemented in design with intensity-duration-frequency curves or design storms.

关键词： Smart city   Descriptive literature review   Classification of research themes  

摘要： Smart City (SC) has been a popular area of research and practice during the last decade. An in-depth examination of the existing literature reviews on SCs divulges the scarcity of studies classifying the literature into multiple themes and identifying the popular and less popular themes based on the number of peer reviewed research papers under respective theme. Hence, in this study, a descriptive literature review of 86 peer-reviewed papers on SCs has been conducted to bridge this gap. The findings demonstrate that themes such as SC services design and management, innovation and technology, and citizens' engagement in design and development of SCs have been extensively studied, whereas, themes such as the social impact, governance and policy, and performance indicators and standards have received moderate attention. However, there are also less popular themes such as the implementation barriers and SC strategy. Further, this study provides a reference source to future researchers. It also delivers valuable information to the policymakers and government bodies, which are actively, involved in the SC projects.

关键词： Albania   ethnography   literary anthropology   post-socialism   reading  

摘要： The solitary reader, sitting quietly surrounded by her thoughts, is a powerful image. But reading is also a deeply social practice. From learning to read to deciding what to read next, a significant amount of literate activity takes place within specific social relationships. Drawing from ethnographic research I conducted between 2015 and 2018, this essay shows how the act of co-reading has contributed to the emergence of a new literary community based in Tirana, Albania. The broader intention of the essay is to demonstrate the application of the general approach to literary anthropology I call reading nearby. © 2019 by the American Anthropological Association. All rights reserved

关键词： Water in mega-cities   Modular-tray green roof systems   Hydrological performance of green roofs   CN (Curve Number)   C (Coefficient of Runoff)  

摘要： This paper investigates the performance of modular-tray green roof systems on rainwater retention and total runoff delay under heavy rain conditions, typical of countries with a tropical climate. It involved the building of a rain-spray system simulator and worktops to support the experimental units. Three green roof modular-tray systems were studied, M-4L, M-17L and F-17L, with a mix of succulent plant species. The volume and delay of total runoff were sampled for both dry and wet soil-moisture stages for a simulated rainstorm of 155 mm/h and duration of 7 min, which approaches the value of the design rainfall of 10-year return-period and an observed rainfall event that caused flooding in 2011 in the area where the experiments took place. These results were compared to three bare-soil similar experimental units and with a control unit consisting of a corrugated fibre-cement roof sheet. In addition, classic rainfall runoff parameterization, also important for catchment analysis, such as the rational coefficient method (C) and Curve Number (CN) were also applied. The results showed to be consistent. Overall, module F-17L presented the best performance with regard to both water retention and delay of total runoff. The average percentage of retention, considering all module types, was 58% of the total induced water volume, and the average delay for total runoff was approximately 12 min. In some tests, for the wet soil stage, the bare soil units performed better than the vegetated units. Soil moisture analysis revealed that considering the same period of time, the bare soil units lost more water through evaporation than the vegetated units through evapotranspiration. The average values of C for vegetated units for the wet and dry soil stages were equal to 0.66 and 0.27, respectively. The CN values were high, ranging from 88 to 97. Although fairly new on the market in Rio de Janeiro, modular-tray green roof systems are easy to build and hydrologically effective, mainly i

关键词： Literature reviews   social studies   civics   Israel  

摘要： Civic education research in different national settings points to how citizenship conceptions act as factors that frame and steer practice. This review of research conducted in Israel over the last 40 years questions a reality in which the choice of a leading civic ideology is controversial, due to the fundamental aspects of citizenship in Israel that are still contested. By examining publications through the theoretical lens of citizenship conceptions, the main argument to be presented is that civics in Israel is not a unifying factor, enabling a framework for democratic discussion, but rather a means to advance sectarian political views. As will be demonstrated, this insight has theoretical implications relevant for other countries dealing with such issues.