关键词： City   LCA   Sustainable city   Urban environmental assessment   Urban metabolism   Urban sustainability   Urban systems  

摘要： PurposeFrom 2010, more than half of human beings live in cities and global urbanization is growing at a fast pace. This leads to threats for the associated potential environmental burdens, but also to opportunities for cities to gain a leading role as hubs of interventions in favor of sustainability. The Life Cycle Thinking approach is suitable to account direct and indirect urban impacts, although methodological refinements are necessary to make it applicable at the urban *** goal of the present review is to provide a comprehensive insight in the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) at the city scale, highlighting good and working points to properly identify and address the future research agenda to make LCA suitable to this challenge. The review considers a wide range of urban sub-sectors and activities (namely, built environment, energy systems, waste and water sector, transportation, consumption patterns, and urban ecosystems), as well as hybrid and upscaling approaches. The relevant papers were selected according to two criteria: (i) comprehensive impact assessment and (ii) and wide spatial scale of application. Subsequently, key features were screened and critically analyzed: (i) functional unit, (ii) system boundaries, (iii) data sources and granularity, and (iv) impact assessment *** and discussionA short list of 65 papers published from 2010 was reviewed with no geographical restrictions. The analysis of the selected literature shows that no applications of a comprehensive LCA at the urban scale exist to date. Waste and water sub-sectors account for about the 20% of the coverage in literature. Transportation sectors and energy systems follow (about 10 and 9%, respectively), while a total of five studies take into account consumption patterns and urban ecosystems. Even if really relevant for the topic, the built environment is an unexplored sector yet. Methodological considerations are poorly addressed. First attempts of upscal

关键词： Archaeoastronomy   Magna Graecia   Hippodamian city planning   Greek religion   Pythagorean doctrine  

摘要： This paper investigates what may have been the cosmological and religious inspirations for the plan of the city of Parthenope-Neapolis (the historic centre of Naples, Italy), which was founded in the early fifth century BC by Greek colonists. Neapolis anticipated the strict orthogonal Hippodamian street grid plan. We argue that its geometry and geographical orientation was chosen so that Neapolis could be recognized as the city of Helios/Apollo (the sun-god of the Greeks) and Parthenope, the deified royal ancestor and/or the siren after whom the city was named. In fact, Neapolis's streets were cosmologically oriented using a sixteen-rayed hexadecagram geometry to emphasize Apollonian/solar cults. The city was also planned using a Pythagorean decagram/pentagram design with golden section proportions and inscribed geometries to symbolize the Harmony of the Spheres. These geometries were apparently inspired by the specific paths of the sun seen from the city on the solstices. Moreover, a sort of celestial light show on the spring and autumn equinoxes connected the sun, the Somma-Vesuvius volcano complex, Sant' Elmo hill, the constellations of Taurus, Virgo/Parthenos and Aquila with the cult of Sebethos and Parthenope, the parent gods of Neapolis. Finally, Vitruvius's ideal city design appears to indicate that the novel and advanced planning of Neapolis served as a prototype for subsequent Greek and Roman cities. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic relatedness   Topic evolution   Spatial clustering   Spatial autocorrelation   Word2Vec  

摘要： Topic evolution has been described by many approaches from a macro level to a detail level, by extracting topic dynamics from text in literature and other media types. However, why the evolution happens is less studied. In this paper, we focus on whether and how the keyword semantics can invoke or affect the topic evolution. We assume that the semantic relatedness among the keywords can affect topic popularity during literature surveying and citing process, thus invoking evolution. However, the assumption is needed to be confirmed in an approach that fully considers the semantic interactions among topics. Traditional topic evolution analyses in scientometric domains cannot provide such support because of using limited semantic meanings. To address this problem, we apply the Google Word2Vec, a deep learning language model, to enhance the keywords with more complete semantic information. We further develop the semantic space as an urban geographic space. We analyze the topic evolution geographically using the measures of spatial autocorrelation, as if keywords are the changing lands in an evolving city. The keyword citations (keyword citation counts one when the paper containing this keyword obtains a citation) are used as an indicator of keyword popularity. Using the bibliographical datasets of the geographical natural hazard field, experimental results demonstrate that in some local areas, the popularity of keywords is affecting that of the surrounding keywords. However, there are no significant impacts on the evolution of all keywords. The spatial autocorrelation analysis identifies the interaction patterns (including High-High leading, High-Low suppressing) among the keywords in local areas. This approach can be regarded as an analyzing framework borrowed from geospatial modeling. Moreover, the prediction results in local areas are demonstrated to be more accurate if considering the spatial autocorrelations.

关键词： food   energy   water   nexus   urban metabolism   literature review  

摘要： Essential for society to function, the production and consumption of food, energy, and water (FEW) are deeply intertwined, leading to calls for a nexus approach to understand and manage the complex tradeoffs and cascading effects. What research exists to date on thisFEWnexus? How have scholars conceptualized these interactions at the urban scale? What are some promising approaches? Where are the research gaps? To answer these questions, we conducted a quantitative review of the academic literature on the FEW nexus (1399 publications) over more than four decades (1973-2017), followed by in-depth analysis of the most influential papers using an evaluation matrix that examined four components: 1) modeling approach;2) scale;3) nexus 'trigger';and 4) governance and policy. Scholars in the fields of environmental science predominated, while social science domains were underrepresented. Most papers used quantitative rather than qualitative approaches, especially integrated assessment and systems dynamics modeling although spatial scale was generally recognized, explicit consideration of multi-scalar interactions was limited. Issues of institutional structure, governance, equity, resource access, and behavior were also underdeveloped. Bibliometric analysis of this literature revealed six distinct research communities, including a nascent urban FEW community. We replicated the analysis for this urban group, finding it to be just emerging (80% of papers have been published since 2010) and dominated by scholars in industrial ecology. These scholars focus on quantifying FEW flows of the urban metabolism in isolation rather than as a nexus, largely ignoring the political and socio-economic factors shaping these flows. Wepropose the urban FEW metabolism as a boundary object to draw in diverse scholarly and practitioner communities. This will advance research on complex FEW systems in four key areas: (1) integration of heterogeneous models and approaches;(2) scalar linkages betwee

关键词： dermatophytosis   epidemiology   masseurs   Microsporum canis   tinea manuum   Trichophyton rubrum  

摘要： Objective Tinea manuum is considered in Italy as an uncommon infection, although no recent epidemiological data are available. Methods In the period 2000-2018, we observed in the metropolitan area of Milan 18 patients with mycologically tinea manuum. Results The infection was monolateral in all patients and characterised by erythema and scaling;in two patients, each vesicles and pustules were present. Two patients had also onychomycosis of one fingernail. No cases of simultaneous tinea pedis were observed. As far as the job of these patients is concerned, seven of them were masseurs, three barbers, two cattlemen, two masons, one car mechanic, one florist, one maid and one veterinarian. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated in 6 patients, Microsporum canis in 4, Trichophyton gypseum in 3, Trichophyton verrucosum in 3 and Trichophyton violaceum in 2 patients. Conclusion Masseurs were the most affected. Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis were the most frequent isolated dermatophytes.

ISBN: (纸本)9787544777766

关键词： 城市文学   新感觉派   都市文学   主持人  

摘要： '城市文学'事实上是一个直到上世纪80年代初才开始被学界启用的概念。虽然基于后设效应,研究者为'城市文学'编织了严丝合缝、起承转合、源远流长的历史谱系,这一谱系甚至是打通古今的,往往从唐传奇《虬髯客传》《李娃传》《霍小玉传》等说起,据说当时古代城市已经有了相当规模,各种史料都证明古代的城市人群已经形成相应的城市文化,唐传奇正是这种城市文化的一部分。

关键词： 文学叙事手法   手账   体验旅游   旅游手册  

摘要： 文学叙事手法在旅游手册设计中的运用,能增加游客对景区特色的理解,提高景区对旅游者的吸引力,促进成都旅游经济的发展。文章从文学叙事学的角度,将文学叙事的手法运用于成都市旅游手册设计中,并结合手账的形式,探索出具有吸引力、感染力和特色的成都市旅游手册设计的方法;从而赋予旅游手册新的形式与意义,提高旅游者的表达与观察能力,让旅游者能体会更多的乐趣,创造更多回忆和美好时光,留下独一无二的旅途纪念品,同时助推成都旅游经济的发展。

关键词： 城市书写   创作谈   城市文学   严歌苓   小说叙事   海外华文文学  

摘要： 五四新文化运动催生的一批问题小说家,其中一部分成为文学研究会的中坚分子,'为人生'的写作奠定了关于现代市镇和乡土文学现实主义书写的基本叙述模式。但是乡土文学现实主义书写,一直是更居于主流地位的文学样式。但是,20世纪80年代以来,中国城市化的进程是显而易见的,进入21世纪,随着全球化进程的加速,关于城乡文学的叙事也悄然出现了某些新的特质。

关键词： 美国都市文学   都市化运动   空间生产   现代性   都市话语  

摘要： 作为美国文学的主要特征之一,美国都市文学根植于美国都市文化,以都市为背景,反映都市生活方式和习惯以及都市人的思想状态,成为美国作家体验、探索和描摹都市现代性进程的理想场域。都市空间划分、区隔及占领与都市化运动相关联,彰显出都市空间正义与非正义之争。在都市现代化进程中,美国社会暴露出来的各种"城市病"一方面成为作家笔下都市话语的多元化表征,另一方面不断催生美国都市文学的转型、生成与新型建构。