关键词： 周涛   《西行记》   城市文学  

摘要： 《西行记》延续了周涛从诗歌到散文发展脉络的内在逻辑,在如实呈现时代面貌的基础上,勾勒时代逻辑的荒谬性与人物性格的复杂性,追索历史原点的深层线索,以重写伤痕文学的方式体现出极大的书写勇气。同时周涛紧密地将时代与城市书写进行编织,赋予城市强烈的时空特质,令城市真实可触。城市中的各民族亲切热情,对极端年代的描摹充满生活气息,也为城市增色,时空之下的个体成长,也因此具有了更厚重的意义。总之这是一部带有鲜明个人特色的关于时代与城市的作品。

关键词： 城市经验   文学话语   “城-乡”关系   文学想象  

摘要： “乡土中国”叙事中的城市经验是在近百年来东西方文明的接触、对比中不断凸显的,其中城市空间的生产、城市生活方式的调整和城乡价值的选择,又促成了“城—乡”关系想象中的日常生活审美经验表述,而新文学以来启蒙话语、革命话语的介入,又拓展了价值差异对比中的“城—乡”关系空间想象,这是近四十年来中国社会“城—乡”关系表述趋向多元、走向对话的审美逻辑和叙事起点。

关键词： parameters   spatial resolution   SWMM   urban hydrology  

摘要： Selecting a proper spatial resolution for urban rainfall runoff modeling was not a trivial issue because it could affect the model outputs. Recently, the development of remote sensing technology and increasingly available data source had enabled rainfall runoff process to be modeled at detailed and microscales. However, the models with less complexity might have equally good performance with less model establishment and computation time. This study attempted to explore the impact of model spatial resolution on model performance and parameters. Models with different discretization degree were built up on the basis of actual drainage networks, urban parcels and specific land use. The results showed that there was very little difference in the total runoff volumes while peak flows showed obvious scale effects which could be up to 30%. Generally, model calibration could compensate the scale effect. The calibrated models with different resolution showed similar performances. The consideration of effective impervious area (EIA) as a calibration parameter marginally increased performance of the calibration period but also slightly decreased performance in the validation period which indicated the importance of detailed EIA identification.

关键词： 京派文学   文学中的城市   互文性   都市文化想象  

摘要： 进入现代社会以来,文学和城市的关系就像一对孪生兄弟。城市政治空间、文化空间等诸多新鲜而充满想象力的元素第一次在文学面前释放出巨大的魔力,而作家们也在以异样的眼光和心情来感受城市、阅读城市、书写城市。在中国20世纪二三十年代所出现的文学中,京派文学在这方面就较有代表性。京派作家作品中的城市描写大量出现,构建出独特的文学城市风貌和城市文化想象,揭示了城市与人的真实关系。京派文学中出现大量的城市描写不是偶然的,正是作家体验、感受城市的心灵折射,这大大增加了京派文学世界的丰富性和复杂性,其呈现的城市形象在中国现代文学史上有着独特的风貌和价值。

关键词： 欧美国家   城市化   文学作品   场景描写   文化景观  

摘要： 借助于工业革命力量的强大推动,欧美国家的城市化在18世纪后期到20世纪中期,逐步得到推进和实现,城市状况及各类关系发生了显著变化。对于欧美国家这个时期的城市化规律的知识,人们通过梳理、研究或总结,已经获得了较清晰的认知,而其中的丰富细节、具体面貌、嬗变过程等,限于当时摄影、录像等具象的信息记载手段的匮乏或不足,造成了人们至今对其认识尚比较模糊。其实,在欧美城市化的同期,涌现了一批文学家,他们创作了不少优秀作品。通过这些文学作品中的场景,尤其是对城市的描写,能够让后人大致“看到”或“体味”到很多当时城市化的生动景象,这会在很大程度上拓展对城市史的研究,丰富对城市化的认识。文章选取若干作家的作品进行剖析,佐证文学中的场景铺陈与这个时期的城市化的一致性。

关键词： 街道   男权   女性   身体  

摘要： 墙是“街道”与“家”之间的重要界限,一墙之隔便“内外有别”。作为外部空间的街道是一个被性别化的空间,男性是街道上的原生居民,他们享有街道的支配权。当“家”与“街道”之间那堵墙被打破之后,女性开始走出闺门,涉足街道。在街道上,女性的身体处于男性的凝视之下。作为街道新人,女性要被街道所接受,须调整自我与街道之间的关系,并且对自我身体进行改造。因此,近现代文学中出现在街道上的女性,最终经历了由物化到革命符号化的过程。

关键词： 城市青年   长篇小说   文学表达   平民生活   梁晓声   书写   全景   《人民日报》  

摘要： “知识青年到农村去,接受贫下中农的再教育,很有必要。”1968年12月22日《人民日报》转发这一重要指示,鼓励城市青年到农村接受劳动锻炼。由此,全国两千多万知识青年离开父母,投身这场规模空前的上山下乡青年运动。此后近十年间,他们中许多人通过招工、参军、高考或不同途径返回不同城市。

关键词： flood forecasting   urbanization   distributed hydrological model   land use   cover   satellite remote sensing  

摘要： The world has experienced large-scale urbanization in the past century, and this trend is ongoing. Urbanization not only causes land use/cover (LUC) changes but also changes the flood responses of watersheds. Lumped conceptual hydrological models cannot be effectively used for flood forecasting in watersheds that lack long time series of hydrological data to calibrate model parameters. Thus, physically based distributed hydrological models are used instead in these areas, but considerable uncertainty is associated with model parameter derivation. To reduce model parameter uncertainty in physically based distributed hydrological models for flood forecasting in highly urbanized watersheds, a procedure is proposed to control parameter uncertainty. The core concept of this procedure is to identify the key hydrological and flood processes in the highly urbanized watersheds and the sensitive model parameters related to these processes. Then, the sensitive model parameters are adjusted based on local runoff coefficients to reduce the parameter uncertainty. This procedure includes these steps: collecting the latest LUC information or estimating this information using satellite remote sensing images, analyzing LUC spatial patterns and identifying dominant LUC types and their spatial structures, choosing and establishing a distributed hydrological model as the forecasting tool, and determining the initial model parameters and identifying the key hydrological processes and sensitive model parameters based on a parameter sensitivity analysis. A highly urbanized watershed called Shahe Creek in the Pearl River Delta area was selected as a case study. This study finds that the runoff production processes associated with both the ferric luvisol and acric ferralsol soil types and the runoff routing process on urban land are key hydrological processes. Additionally, the soil water content under saturated conditions, the soil water content under field conditions and the roughness of u

关键词： Curve number   Flash flood   Hydrologic modeling   LULC change   Urbanization   Climate change  

摘要： Karachi, the biggest city of Pakistan, has undergone various urban sprawls due to its continuously growing population that has severely affected its natural drainage pattern. The city had an extensive natural drainage system which has now lost its original form. This study investigated the blockages and their causes during the last two decades in one of the city's riverbeds-Malir. Moreover, the extent of floods identifying the vulnerability of the watershed's urban area after major rainfall events was modeled. The geospatial techniques and satellite images of Landsat 5, 7, and 8 were used to analyze the changes in land use and land cover (LULC) of the Malir Basin. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model and topographic sheets of 1975 were utilized to delineate the natural drainage network and streambeds of the basin using geographical information system (GIS) tools. Historical rainfall data from 1985 to 2014 were acquired from the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) to simulate runoff using the US Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS and HEC-GeoHMS). The flood modeling was done using the River Analysis System (HEC-RAS and GeoRAS). Rainfall-runoff simulations and flood extent and depth of five major rainfall events-1992, 2003, 2007, 2009, and 2013-were modeled in this study. GIS overlay analysis combined the LULC, riverbed, and drainage line layers to identify the blocked area and to quantify the specific LULCs that were causing blockages in the riverbed. Several maps, which are prepared in this study, show the parts of the river with altered drainage patterns in 2013 from what existed back in 1975.

关键词： City logistics   Stakeholders   Systematic review of the literature   Technological prospection  

摘要： The aim of this article is to present a systematic review of the literature on urban logistics and its stakeholders and identify future research directions. In order to discuss the main contributions and trends of this theme, a combination of bibliometric analysis techniques, semantic and content and a technological prospection were performed. Through the evaluation of a sample group of seventy one articles, it was possible to trace paths and understand content approaches, identifying advantages, limitations and conditions for the good development of city logistics and its agents. Based on these findings, the low evidence of how effectively each of the stakeholders influencing the activities of city logistics stands out, since your heterogeneity and conflict of interest are singled out as the cause of the difficulty of this deployment. It is important to note that from the technological prospection was possible to identify the state of innovation on the world stage in the area studied.