关键词： 德语文学   柏林   城市意象   空间话语  

摘要： 20世纪后,柏林随着德意志的兴衰沉浮,经历了前所未有的巨变。作为集中体现德意志民族文化和历史的空间载体,它被现代性文学书写注入了更加富有延展性的生命力。文学家们基于自身的城市体验和艺术思考赋予柏林复杂而深邃的意象,将城市质性和历史符码束集在现代性空间话语中,建构了文学柏林的时空统一体。瓦尔特·本雅明的《柏林童年》、阿尔弗雷德·德布林的《柏林,亚历山大广场》和英格伯格·巴赫曼的《意外之地》皆为20世纪德语文学中代表性的柏林城市文本。三位作家用自身独特的关照方式和文学想象,赋予了柏林更加丰富的城市意象和空间话语,表达了对柏林和所处时代的感怀与批判,也在现代性文学话语的框架下展现了城市物质性、精神性与社会性的三位一体本质。

关键词： 《繁花》   城市景观   城市空间   意识形态   消费时代  

摘要： 金宇澄的《繁花》对20世纪50—60年代、90年代的上海生活进行了细致描绘,具有鲜明的文学地理学特征。《繁花》是一部典型的城市小说,不仅仅塑造了阿宝、沪生等一批上海本土人物,更重要的是将整个上海作为表现对象,在对上海城市景观的变迁、城市空间的拓展上,超出了其他海派小说,具有独特的意义。

关键词： urban resilience   urban system   earthquake   open space   city performance   complex network theory  

摘要： For a city to perform successfully, and its citizens to feel safe and comfortable, the health of basic urban components and the overall resilience of the urban system is crucial. As the importance of the resilient urban system has been recognized in the scientific literature, many studies have been done on this topic. Therefore, to find out the gaps in the existing literature and the opportunities for further research, a new systematic literature review has been performed in three stages. Different bibliographic techniques (co-occurrence and co-citation analysis) have been applied and, in the final stage of the analysis, an in-depth study of the content of the selected papers addressing open space in relation to urban seismic resilience has been carried out. The obtained results and trends have shown a lack of research on the potential of open space for enhancing urban seismic resilience, as well as a challenge for its quantitative assessment. The ability of the affected resilient system is to achieve at least a pre-disaster performance level in an acceptable time, which can be gained, among others, by using the restorative potential of open space. Based on the synthesis of these findings the authors' draft model of an urban system integrating the potential of open space is presented in terms of a complex network theory.

关键词： Heavy metals   Microbial contamination   Nutrient flow   Social-ecological systems approach   Urban sustainability   Wastewater use  

摘要： In recent years urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) has gained increasing attention, while a comprehensive synthesis and identification of research gaps is lacking. The present review indicates that with a share of 27% of scholarly publications sub-Saharan Africa is the geographical region most often reported in scientific literature. Middle East and North Africa (MENA, 1.9%) and Oceania (2.8%) in contrast appeared underrepresented. Megacities (> 5 million inhabitants) received less scientific attention than smaller agglomerations. 3.6% of UPA publications addressed heavy metals, of which 82% detected a contamination in plants, soil or irrigation water above recommended thresholds, but the thereby bioavailability of heavy metals remains unclear. Organic pollutants in contrast seem to be understudied. 1.7% of the studies focused on microbial contamination in UPA and 9.7% addressed socio-economic aspects of urban agriculture. The latter are very context specific and span from supplementation of food in poor households to market-oriented production. Only 2% of studies explicitly dealt with animal husbandry in UPA. This topic should receive more scientific attention, since the integration of urban animal husbandry with cropping systems has large potential for recycling of nutrients. Similarly, only 2.4% of studies examined urban foodsheds and food supply, despite the challenge of ongoing urbanization, which requires increasing source areas for feeding cities. Maintaining ecosystems services in an urban environment that is highly competitive for scarce resources such as space, water, labour and capital requires an efficient resource management at different spatial scales. This calls for interdisciplinary research approaches in a social-ecological systems framework.

关键词： design   energy   sustainability   urban design   urban form   environment   heat islands   climate adaptation   cooling cities   dryland cities  

摘要： This review analyzes literature regarding urban heating and urban heat islands (UHIs) in dryland cities. This topic is of widespread importance in the era of climate change since many global cities are in arid, semiarid, or Mediterranean regions. We first analyze the literature on dryland UHIs, finding major differences with those for temperate cities. We then review research on cooling strategies involving vegetation, built form, and materials. Finally, we consider planning dimensions. Overall, we find that the most sustainable cooling approach for dryland cities is likely to combine low-water tree species with dense, shade-producing built form and high-albedo materials.

关键词： Urbanisation   Urban food system   External stressors   Interlinkages   Developing countries  

摘要： In developing countries, urbanisation and associated demographic changes pose unprecedented challenges in terms of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. A systematic review methodology was conducted, combined with data synthesis, to examine the interactions between urban sprawl, land and resource use changes, agricultural production and food security in developing countries. The Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched to identify 188 relevant articles. The results revealed that existing literature has widely failed to take interactions between different aspects of urban food systems (UFS) into account, indicating disconnects and fragmentation in the approaches used to analyse these interactions. Therefore a further focus on food system transformation pathways, system feedbacks and trade-offs is recommended. Moreover, the results imply that UFS are complex interlinked systems and therefore that policies intending to assure food security in developing countries need to consider these interlinkages and approach them holistically. Finally, an absence of studies examining urban and rural systems from an interconnected perspective was identified. An acknowledgement of such rural-urban connectivity gaps is crucial in order to ensure more inclusive links within food systems and agricultural value chains, and achieve more resilient food systems and more sustainable urbanisation in developing countries.

关键词： smart governance   sustainable development   government-citizen collaboration   citizen e-participation   Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)   urban development  

摘要： This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on smart governance, defined as technology-enabled collaboration between citizens and local governments to advance sustainable development. The lack of empirical evidence on the positive outcomes of smart cities/smart governance motivated us to conduct this study. Our findings show that empirical evidence for the alleged sustainability benefits is sparse. In addition, the emerging picture is ambiguous in that it reports both positive and negative effects in respect to the sustainability achievements of smart governance. The study identifies contextual conditions of smart governance as crucial to understanding these mixed outcomes. Our paper points up the need for more empirical work and develops an agenda for researching the relationship between smart governance and sustainability outcomes.

关键词： 城市文学   高峰论坛   深圳职业技术学院   城市化进程   纪要   现状   人文学院   城镇化率  

摘要： 时间:2019年4月20日地点:深圳职业技术学院明德楼109会议室主办:青年文学杂志社深圳职业技术学院人文学院主持人:张菁张燕玲张菁(《青青年年文文学学》主编):当前我国的城市化进程越来越快,2018年的城镇化率已达到59.58%,城市占据的比重已经越来越大。在我们的书写中,城市不仅仅作为标签,更是现代意识的体现。城市是共享、包容、共生的。随着历史发展和中国城市化进程的加快,城市化所带来的精神性变迁,以及个人精神的突显,已经完全不同于乡村文化也完全不同于巴尔扎克的城市文化。

关键词： 风景   都市文学   现代性  

摘要： 风景的概念从中西方文化中都可以追根溯源,相比中国,欧洲更注重风景的人文性。五四运动以后,风景书写的外延逐步拓宽,刘呐鸥就是广泛运用风景书写的艺术健将。其作品的自然风景与人文景观之间形成对立所造成的压抑感往往成为人性供奉的载体,是主人公家园感建立的基石。刘呐鸥用以丑为美的审美视角观照着腐化的都市,将糜烂的都市风景装置成前所未有的艺术,他的风景书写是先锋实验性的,具有现代意蕴,值得研究者重新评估。

关键词： 都市文学   人性   精神形态  

摘要： 都市文学不是传统的“农村-城市”文学二元化中的城市文学,而是在今天国际化大都市对于人的精神的压抑下所产生的一种文艺美学,是文学对人的精神状态的表现。可以从两个维度来探讨都市文学的可能性:一个维度是,以往小说中塑造的人物都是完整的、清晰的,而大都市文化背景下人呈现的不完整形态导致了精神的破碎,作家如何塑造不完整的都市人,人们如何理解破碎的精神内在;另一个维度是,人的精神压缩、破碎之后带来人性、家庭等伦理的危机。