摘要： African cities are facing challenges arising from climate change. Increased severity of rainfall threaten huge parts of urban settlers living in flood prone areas. Coincidently, projections of population trends suggest that urbanization rates will remain at high levels. The impacts such climate change conditions can have on local livelihoods already under socio-economic stress, may contribute to the onset of urban violence. In sharp contrast to these possible developments, contemporary scholarship on the relation between climate change and conflict has a strong rural focus. A novel systematic literature review of academic articles looking at trends and patterns of the climate change-conflict nexus was conducted to explore whether there is an urban neglect in the literature. The results suggest that scholarly attention on the urban is very limited and focus rather on rural dynamics. A second main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a conceptual framework on the climate change-conflict nexus in urban areas. It combines existing streams of literature into a single model to further theorize and understand dynamics of the climate change-urban violence linkages. Finally, the paper argues for more research on multi-causal pathways leading from adverse climate conditions to urban political violence.

关键词： Urbanization   Land use change   Precipitation scenario   SWAT model  

摘要： According to analysing the trends of land use changes in the upper reaches of Minjiang River in the past 30 years and precipitation in the last 50 years, nine types of simulation scenarios were constructed for different precipitation conditions and urbanization development processes. Based on the "five sub-basin selection principles" and "two simulation results evaluation indicators" proposed, the paper studied the influence of the urbanization process on hydrological processes under different precipitation conditions using the SWAT model. The primary conclusions are as follows: (1) the simulation results under the two kinds of land use transfer scenarios show the same laws: (a) when forest land (or grassland) is transferred to urban land, actual evapotranspiration (ET), soil water content (SW), amount of water percolating out of root zone (PERC) and groundwater contribution to streamflow (GW_Q) show a decreasing trend, and the reduction in watershed hydrological indexes is manifested as "high precipitation > average precipitation > low precipitation". Moreover, surface runoff (SURQ), water yield (WYLD) and annual runoff show an increasing trend, and the increment in SURQ shows "high precipitation > average precipitation > low precipitation", while the increment in WYLD and the simulated annual runoff show "low precipitation > average precipitation > high precipitation". (b) Through analysis of the contribution of unit proportion transfer (CUPT) of watershed hydrological indicators, "SURQ > PERC > GW_Q > ET > SW" is observed in all precipitation scenarios. (2) Comparing simulation results between the two kinds of land use transfer scenarios: the CUPT variations of ET, SURQ and WYLD and the contribution of unit area transfer variations of daily flood peak and annual runoff both show "forest land transfer to urban land > grassland transfer to urban land". Finally, two special phenomena observed in the analysis of the simulation results were discussed. The study result

关键词： crowdsourcing   emergency management   quality control in crowdsourcing   systematic literature review   task design   urban planning  

摘要： Recently, citizen involvement has been increasingly used in urban disaster prevention and management, taking advantage of new ubiquitous and collaborative technologies. This scenario has created a unique opportunity to leverage the work of crowds of volunteers. As a result, crowdsourcing approaches for disaster prevention and management have been proposed and evaluated. However, the articulation of citizens, tasks, and outcomes as a continuous flow of knowledge generation reveals a complex ecosystem that requires coordination efforts to manage interdependencies in crowd work. To tackle this challenging problem, this paper extends to the context of urban emergency management the results of a previous study that investigates how crowd work is managed in crowdsourcing platforms applied to urban planning. The goal is to understand how crowdsourcing techniques and quality control dimensions used in urban planning could be used to support urban emergency management, especially in the context of mining-related dam outages. Through a systematic literature review, our study makes a comparison between crowdsourcing tools designed for urban planning and urban emergency management and proposes a five-dimension typology of quality in crowdsourcing, which can be leveraged for optimizing urban planning and emergency management processes.

关键词： 地方文学史   现代文学史   文史研究   浙江  

ISBN: (纸本)9787308198097

摘要： 浙江省社科规划项目（2007）。浙江工业大学省重点建设学科-中文专业重点资助成果。就文学地理学的角度看，中国现代都市文学最辉煌的成就在以上海为中心的江南地区，而其主要创作者又多为浙江籍作家，这构成一种文化现象，本著作就是从浙江区域的角度探讨现代都市文学的审美内涵、艺术特征、历史贡献、尚存缺陷及其成因。对于现代都市文学研究有促进、深化作用。

关键词： Geoparsing   Geotagging   Georesolution   Fine-grained place names   Mining literary text   Edinburgh gazetteer  

摘要： While a reasonable amount of work has gone into automatically geoparsing text at the city or higher levels of granularity for different types of texts in different domains, there is relatively little research on geoparsing fine-grained locations such as buildings, green spaces and street names in text. This paper reports on how the Edinburgh Geoparser performs on this task for different types of literary text set in Edinburgh, the first UNESCO City of Literature. The non-copyrighted gold standard datasets created for this purpose are released along with this article.

关键词： Chinese left-behind children   Floating children   Street children   Homelessness   Mobility  

摘要： In the social context of China's rural-urban migration, a varied set of forces has increasingly challenged the conventional assumptions used to underpin the notion of home as a space fixed in geography and one's lineage. This essay calls into question the essentialist values associated with home, and explores new realities and representations of homelessness in contemporary Chinese children's literature. Taking into account critical work on globalization, where the emphasis is on issues of mobility, and reflecting on the Chinese conceptualization of home, this study considers how the traditional territory of home is remapped using literal and allegorical tropes, and argues that representations of floating children, street children and left-behind children in China, as central to the discussion of contemporary Chinese children's literature in an era of urbanization, mark the transition of the Chinese concept of home from an established locus of security to an open signifier of precariousness and uncertainty.