关键词： 高中语文   智慧课堂   优势与问题   策略  

摘要： 在信息技术飞速发展并遍布生活方方面面的时代,教育必会依托于网络技术,利用电子设备,为全面深化教育综合改革增添助力。因此,在这种大背景下,选择了以高中语文智慧课堂为研究对象,探讨现代信息技术对于高中语文课堂教学的影响,以及借助现代信息技术助推高中语文课堂教学改革的方法与路径。本文以河南省项城市正泰博文学校为例,通过对该校语文课堂的跟踪调查、持续关注和深入探究,掌握该校高中语文智慧课堂的教学现状、显著优势及存在的主要问题,在此基础上,探究现代信息技术支持下的语文智慧课堂的建设和实施,从而切实提升高中语文教学质量,为新时代高中语文教学改革提供理论思考和实践支持。论文除绪论和结语外,由三章构成:第一章主要阐释了“智慧课堂”的基本特点、理论基础及其支持工具。第二章通过对河南省项城市正泰博文学校的基本情况进行了解,以调查报告、两个不同时期的教学实例为基础,分析高中语文智慧课堂在阅读、互动、监督反馈方面具有的显著优势。第三章通过调查报告分析、课堂实例探究以及教学实践等实际应用,探究智慧课堂存在的主要问题。然后在建构主义和人本主义教育理念指导下,对智慧课堂实际教学中产生的主要问题进行针对性的解决,提出了工具及系统、学生、教师等层面的应对策略。通过对高中语文智慧课堂的具体研究,得出智慧课堂教学的有利影响和不利影响,并提出解决问题的对应策略,以期给高中语文智慧课堂更好地发展提供助力。

关键词： 城市文学   后发现代   米格尔街   伊斯坦布尔   上海   香港  

摘要： 与“乡村叙事”在二十世纪中国所取得的卓越成就,以及其在世界范围内所取得的影响力相比,中国的“城市叙事”却一直未能与之颉颃。即便在上世纪末中国轰轰烈烈的城市化进程的社会背景下,“城市书写”似乎也未能取得与经济发展比肩的成绩,但优秀的城市写作在某种意义上可被视为衡量一个国家与民族现代与否的重要标尺。在此背景中,探讨什么是好的城市文学/叙事,显得特别重要。基于历史与社会处境的某种相似性,结合个人的阅读兴趣,论文选取了四部后发现代国家与地区的城市文学作品进行个案探讨,尝试在具体的个案分析中讨论“一座城市如何得到书写”这一问题。V.S.奈保尔的《米格尔街》通过对大量底层普通个体的独特叙事,来呈现米格尔街这一空间环境给人的命运所带来的深刻影响;帕慕克·奥尔罕的非虚构作品《伊斯坦布尔:一座城市的记忆》则是通过作者的凝视目光与城市漫游,展现城市中人的历史与当下;西西的《我城》通过对其笔下香港七十年代年轻人、中年人以及幻想中人的分析,讨论“想象”之于城市文学书写的重要性,以及由此带来的新型审美体验;金宇澄的《繁花》则是借助言语的力量,通过双线的叙事和市井化表达,思考城市中个人的命运如何与时代和历史融为一体。在对四个不同案例的分析中,本文认为,城市叙事的优秀与否,不在于描绘一座无人的城市,而在于描绘一座有人的城市,呈现在特定现代文明空间中人的命运,有时文学对城市的书写,甚至能超越社会学的观察,体现出一种“社会学的想象力”。这些都有助于我们更为清醒地看到当前中国城市写作的局限与短板,对于开拓中国城市文学的思想视野也有不容小觑的重要价值。

关键词： 英语文学   孟买城市形象   空间   现代化   文化  

摘要： 本文以跨文化视域下的孟买城市想象为切入点,从众多作品中思考孟买被赋予的现代性特征,探求孟买如何在现代与传统中求得平衡。以列斐伏尔的空间理论为主,探究孟买的城市空间。通过对文本的分析来探讨文学中的孟买的形象和特点,在大量被书写的作品中发现孟买不同的物理空间被赋予的不同含义,进而揭示在后殖民话语下第三世界城市的发展现状,形成一个系统的、有辨识度的现代城市共同体。本文以小说为主要研究对象,兼论游记、散文等。绪论部分对选题缘由和研究价值做了论述,界定了“文学中的城市”和“城市想象”的概念,梳理出了以孟买为城市背景的文学作品和国内外研究现状。第一部分从小说内部出发,用麦克·克朗的“文学景观”理论和巴什拉的《空间的诗学》来写孟买的私人空间。第二部分孟买的公共空间和半公共空间,展现在全球化的冲击下,孟买的传统文化、殖民文化以及现代文化的存在状态以及孟买对底层人民的排斥。第三部分孟买的国家权力空间。通过对孟买的权力空间和政治空间的描写来说明孟买的司法黑暗和腐败丛生的现状。第四部分总结,从跨文化的角度出发,探究不同文化背景下的作家笔下展现出的不同孟买形象,指出多种文化混杂的城市应该建立自己独特的文化。

关键词： 都市文学   现代主义   精神世界  

摘要： 1924年,以新感觉派的创立为标志,文坛上正式出现了与以往的大正文学截然不同的文学模式。在早期的日本现代主义都市文学里,"空虚"、"虚无"是鲜明的表征。通常人物的内心世界都是通过碎片式的描写来表现的。他们没有清晰的面部形象和具体的肢体特征,只有通过充满了空虚意味的语言和漂浮不定的心理来刻画人物性格。新感觉派文学中的都市题材小说大多以修辞手法见长,对城市的描写不够具体深入,但必须承认它的出现是顺应时代的,也是最能表现当时都市人心理活动和精神状态的。

关键词： Health services accessibility   Rural care   Systematic literature review   Conceptual framework  

摘要： Background: Access to healthcare is a poorly defined construct, with insufficient understanding of differences in facilitators and barriers between US urban versus rural specialty care. We summarize recent literature and expand upon a prior conceptual access framework, adapted here specifically to urban and rural specialty care. Methods: A systematic review was conducted of literature within the CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, PsycInfo, and ProQuest Social Sciences databases published between January 2013 and August 2018. Search terms targeted peer-reviewed academic publications pertinent to access to US urban or rural specialty healthcare. Exclusion criteria produced 67 articles. Findings were organized into an existing ten-dimension care access conceptual framework where possible, with additional topics grouped thematically into supplemental dimensions. Results: Despite geographic and demographic differences, many access facilitators and barriers were common to both populations;only three dimensions did not contain literature addressing both urban and rural populations. The most commonly represented dimensions were availability and accommodation, appropriateness, and ability to perceive. Four new identified dimensions were: government and insurance policy, health organization and operations influence, stigma, and primary care and specialist influence. Conclusions: While findings generally align with a preexisting framework, they also suggest several additional themes important to urban versus rural specialty care access.

关键词： Urban hydrological modelling   Urban climate   Anthropogenic latent heat   Green roofs   Urban irrigation   Oasis effect  

摘要： The impacts of urban hydrological processes, such as anthropogenic latent heat (ALH), multilayer green roof systems (GRO), evaporation from impervious surfaces (EIMP), urban irrigation (IRR), and the urban "oasis effect" (OASIS) on regional hydrometeorology in Nanjing, are assessed by the Weather Research and Forecasting Single-Layer Urban Canopy Models (WRF-SLUCM). The results show that including all five urban hydrological processes, ALL best improves the prediction of near-surface meteorology and has the largest correlation coefficients, the smallest root mean square errors, and the most accurate diurnal variations compared with observations. The improvements of ALH, GRO, and OASIS are larger than those of IRR and EIMP. The influence of ALH, GRO, and OASIS is comparable in commercial areas, whereas the influence of OASIS is significantly greater and plays essential roles in low-intensity residential areas. Therefore, the overall effect of urban hydrological processes is especially large over low-intensity residential areas, where the ALL case-simulated monthly mean 2-m air temperature (surface temperature) is reduced by approximately 1.3 (5.0) degrees C, the 2-m specific humidity increases by 0.8 g kg(-1), and the sensible heat (latent heat) flux is reduced (increased) at most by 90 W m(-2). The changes in the vertical profiles indicate that urban hydrological processes reduce the potential temperature and wind speed, whereas they increase specific humidity over the entire urban boundary layer, leading to a more stable atmospheric conditions, reduced vertical mixing, and weaker convective rolls. These effects could mitigate the intensity of urban heat/dry islands while simultaneously exacerbating low-level air pollution.

关键词： human activities   copulas   multivariate joint change point   joint probability distribution   hydrological processes   urban rivers  

摘要： The aim of this study is to reveal statistical characteristics and exceedance probability of discharge under the combined effect of climate change and human activities. The study is conducted in the Xiaoqing River in Jinan, China, based on data of discharge, land-use types and precipitation from the period 1970-2016. A multivariate joint probability distribution of the data is established to test the univariable, bivariable and trivariable change points. These are then used to calculate and analyse the risk probability of discharge exceeding the specific values under different conditions of precipitation and land-use type. The results show that the change point calculated by trivariate joint distribution can reduce the disturbance of the change point obtained with the univariable or bivariable approach and reflect the changes of various factors in the hydrological processes more objectively. When the land-use type is taken into consideration, the trivariate distribution can reflect the variation of hydrological processes more reasonably.

关键词： urbanization   underlying surface and river system   hydrological changes   Rose diagram   Suzhou City   China  

摘要： Rapid urbanization in China has severely disturbed the underlying surface and river systems. The stream structure parameters of Suzhou City were analysed to study the evolution and spatial differentiation of a water system undergoing urbanization. The influencing pattern of different urbanization processes on river system structure and hydrological processes was detected by statistical methods and simulation analysis. The results show that urban sprawl is influenced by both the natural environment and the social economy. At different stages of urbanization, the spatial urban expansion and the natural river characteristics influence the evolution of the river network: during rapid urbanization, the decline in surface water ratio and river density is more intense. The decrease of surface water ratio and river density in rapidly urbanized areas was greatest, followed by that in area urbanized in the 1980s, with few changes in the old town. Under high urbanization, river system indicators tend to stabilize. The rivers' hydrological features were affected by urbanization, with water yield in the study area increasing from 0.81 to 0.95 m(3)/m(2) (1991-2015). The same rainfall intensity results in higher flood levels and greater risk of flooding under rapid urbanization.

关键词： Radium isotopes   Water pollution   Water residence time   Estuary   Eutrophication  

摘要： Pollution of urbanized rivers with excess nutrients due to groundwater discharge is an increasing environmental concern worldwide. Dan'ao river, a typical urbanized river in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, is experiencing heavy water pollution. However, the groundwater-derived nutrient loads had not yet been thoroughly quantified. In order to quantify the contribution of groundwater-derived nutrient inputs, we combined the methods of hydrological investigations and radium isotopes. Groundwater and river water samples were collected from the river upstream to the estuary for the analyses of radium quartets and nutrients including DIN, DIP and DSi. The results showed that the radium activities in both surface water and groundwater decreased from the estuary to the upstream. The groundwater discharge rate was estimated by the radium mass balance model using short-lived radium isotopes (Ra-223 and Ra-224). The estimated groundwater discharge rate ranged from 1.99 x 10(5) to 6.67 x 10(5) m(3) d(-1), comparable to the upstream river discharge rate of 4.23 x 10(5) m(3) d(-1). The groundwater-derived nutrient fluxes were 165.66-554.98 mmol m(-2) d(-1) for DIN, 2.47-8.26 mmol m(-2) d(-1) for DIP and 63.73-213.49 mmol m(-2) d(-1) for DSi, respectively. They contributed 19% similar to 44% DIN, 16%similar to 39% DIP, and 31%similar to 60% DSi of all the nutrient inputs into the Dan'ao River, respectively. In addition, the nutrient inputs by groundwater discharge has an average DIN:DIP ratio of as high as 190, which is able to potentially affect the riverine and marine nutrient structures. These findings may provide useful information for designing control strategies for reducing massive nutrient inputs to Dan'ao River in the future. (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.