关键词： Coastal aquifer   Newark Bay   Nutrients   Submarine groundwater discharge   Urban estuaries  

摘要： Coastal zones of urban area have been highly impacted by human activities, and urban estuaries suffer from environmental pollution and degradation of coastal ecosystems. In addition to surface runoff, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been recognized as an important pathway for transport of chemicals to the marine environment. In summer 2017 and 2018, groundwater (n = 39) and sediment (n = 13) samples were collected at depths of 20-175 cm from a sandy coastal aquifer in addition to surface water samples (n = 10) along the Newark Bay, a highly urbanized estuary. Aquifer sediments consisted dominantly of medium to coarse sand and were highly permeable, while they were poor in organic matter. Groundwater was fresh to saline and the pH ranged from 6.62 to 8.68, while dissolved oxygen ranged from 1 to 8 mg/L. The urban coastal groundwater contained elevated levels of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate with maximum concentrations of 37.2, 11.1 and 4.1 mg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in surface water from the Newark Bay by 5- to 64-fold. The elevated N and P in groundwater may perhaps result from anthropogenic sources, such as the leakage of underground sewers. Estimated discharge of N and P from the highly permeable coastal aquifer to the Newark Bay is comparable to the transport of N and P from the Hackensack River into the bay during dry periods. Submarine groundwater discharge of anthropogenic nutrients could be a significant source of nutrients in the Newark Bay, but further study is needed to better understand the human impacts on biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in the urban estuary.

关键词： Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS)   flow characteristics   built environment   users' perception   sidewalk network  

摘要： Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) models are widely used to assess walking facilities. These models have been in existence since the 1970s, wherein the process broadly consists of three steps, i.e. attribute selection, model calibration, and classification of model results into service-level categories, based on Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs). This paper reviews existing sidewalk PLOS studies based on their association with the three constructs of flow characteristics, built environment and users' perception, which in combination represents the entire walking environment spectrum, as has been indicated by existing researchers. Forty-seven PLOS studies, along with eight review papers, written by authors from the Americas, Europe, Asia and Australia, between the years of 1971 and 2019, are analysed in this review. The review finds that although 49% of the studies employed both qualitative and quantitative data for their respective methodologies, but none of them use all the three broad constructs in a combined fashion. Also, in selecting the attributes to be used for developing the PLOS, these studies have only referred to previous literature available at that point in time, and not employed any consistent and robust method in selecting context-specific attributes. When it came to the preferred analysis technique, 60% of the studies favoured the use of the regression technique while calibrating their model, whereas 22% used a points-based marking scheme. Finally, 89% of the studies manually classifies the PLOS model results to respective service levels (i.e. letter grades), as opposed to utilising a classification algorithm. In addition, this review could identify only one paper that describes a PLOS based on pedestrian route directness, which is a measure of pedestrian network connectivity. In view of these findings, the review paper suggests the need of a robust methodology in selection of attributes and the use of innovative modelling techniques, both of which c

关键词： 文学现状   阎连科   《炸裂志》   土地   写作   城市  

摘要： 我的写作没有特别明确地说为了什么,没有非常明确地为了内心的故乡,但是有一点非常清楚,我全部的写作无法离开那片土地。《炸裂志》毫无疑问像是一个城市小说,但是它和那个土地是有亲密联系的。

关键词： 城市文学   西安女作家   文化寻根   性别   全球化  

摘要： 随着都市化进程的深入,反映城市生活的文学作品逐步增多,西安本土女作家也在用自己的叙事方式来表达对母城的深情厚谊,并产生了积极的文化效应。她们或是探寻并传承西安自古以来的文化品格与城市精神,或是以性别为视角观照城市日常生活的肌理与女性困境,或是在全球化语境中反思身份认同问题,为更好地彰显西安文化优势提供了有益借鉴。

关键词： Environmental change   Land use   land cover change   SWAT   Hydrological simulation  

摘要： Figuring out the impacts of future urbanization on hydrological response is significant in a rapidly changing environment. As an important urbanization element, the various impacts of land use/land cover change have been studied a lot with the methods of combining different land use scenarios and hydrological models. However, it needs to be improved because of only simplified land use scenarios being considered, which cannot reflect the real urbanization process of the future. Taking into account the roles of social and economic development, in this paper, a hybrid FLUS-SWAT method is proposed for the first time for accurately evaluating the hydrological responses to urbanization. First, instead of subjective assumption, future land use patterns are predicted by developing improved cellular automata model on driving forces involving regional population, gross domestic product, location, transportation network, etc. Then, spatial hydrological responses were individually analyzed by coupling projected future land use scenarios and distributed hydrological model. The results clearly forecasted a burst of urban expansion in future 100 years in Zhexi river basin, China. Loss of forest and agriculture land will lead to a 64.86% increase in surface runoff and 9.05% decrease in groundwater flow. This study is significant for ecological environment planning because it provides a direct understanding of future urbanization level as well as its impacts on hydrological processes.

关键词： Sustainable development goals   Urban centre   Household consumption   Systematic literature review   Sustainable development   Sustainability transitions  

摘要： The 2015 Paris Agreement marked a significant shift in public and scholarly discourse on climate change by laying more emphasis on stakeholder involvement and local level policies in achieving sustainability transitions. Sustainable Development Goal 12 further emphasises the importance of households in achieving sustainable consumption before 2030, especially in urban centres. However, since its adoption in 2015, no study has sought to synthesise the scholarship conducted around the emerging urban household consumption challenges that could inhibit the achievement of Goal 12. Through a systematic selection and in-depth review of relevant literature over the last five years, this paper assesses these sustainability challenges and critically examines the policy implications for achieving sustainable consumption. The review notes that in recent years, researchers have explored a range of issues including energy consumption, sustainable lifestyles, consumption footprints and class relations in urban household consumption through models and social perspectives. The urban household challenges identified include, inter alia: intensifying household consumption;rising commodification of household activities;continued reliance on unsustainable energy sources;low levels of sustainability education;high costs of sustainable lifestyles;and class differences in sustainable consumption patterns. In addressing these problems, the literature suggests strategies such as greening urban infrastructure, involving households in intervention programmes and promoting sustainability education, among others. Furthermore, to achieve Goal 12, future research and policy initiatives should consider the impact of materiality in household consumption, explore the interlinkages of household consumption with wider socio-cultural institutions and be more practice-oriented. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 倾城之恋   都市文学   村上春树   鲁迅研究   东京大学   人文科学研究   私人住宅   李昂  

摘要： 藤井省三(ふじいしょうぞう,1952-),1976年本科毕业于东京大学文学部中国文学专业,1982年博士毕业于东京大学人文科学研究科中国文学专业,师从著名中国现代文学学者丸山升教授,现为东京大学名誉教授,日本学术会议会员。主要从事中国现代文学、中日文学交流与影响、中国语圈文学与电影等研究,主要著作有《鲁迅〈故乡〉阅读史》《中国语圈文学史》《村上春树与中国》等30余部,译作有《故乡·阿Q正传》(鲁迅)、《倾城之恋·封锁》(张爱玲)、《透明的胡萝卜》(莫言)、《杀夫》(李昂)、《香草营》(苏童)等40余部(篇)。作为日本中国现代文学界最权威学者,藤井教授持续40余年研究与推介中国现当代文学,他的鲁迅研究被学界冠以"藤井鲁迅"的美誉,他的莫言文学翻译与研究对莫言经由日本走向世界居功至伟,为中国现当代文学在日本与世界的接受做出重要贡献。2019年1月15日,南通大学文学院副教授刘成才,在东京多摩藤井省三教授私人住宅的书房里,就中国当代文学在日本的翻译与传播相关问题对藤井教授进行了访谈。

关键词： 中国当代文学   城市文学   小说家   新世纪文学   城与乡  

摘要： 2018年10月26日—27日,我和复旦大学金理共同发起的"上海—南京双城文学工作坊"以"被观看和展示的城市"为主题讨论原生城市的青年作家和艺术家的中国当代城市表达,小说家笛安、周嘉宁、陈楸帆、张怡微、朱婧、王占黑、糖匪、唐睿、陈思安、焦窈瑶等参加。这些小说家有的加入到我们这一辑"八城记"。

关键词： 都市文学   陈思和   人性探索   华东师范大学   两个维度   大都市   都市人   文化背景  

摘要： 《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2019年第5期推出“都市文学探索”专栏。陈思和《都市文学中人性探索的两个维度》一文以为,可以从两个维度来探讨都市文学的可能性:一个维度是大都市文化背景下人呈现的不完整形态导致了精神的破碎,作家如何塑造不完整的都市人,人们如何理解破碎的精神内在:另一个维度是人的精神压缩、破碎之后带来人性、家庭等伦理的危机。