关键词： 城市新移民   海归文学   族群认同   跨国认同  

摘要： 中国的改革开放不仅促进了社会经济、文化的飞速发展,也为新移民文学的兴起与壮大提供了土壤。2000年以来,世界全球化进程的加快给国内带来了巨大的发展契机,同时也吸引了城市新移民群体的回归,海归文学逐渐呈现了从边缘到中心的挣扎过程,逐步站稳了文学一派的中心舞台。移民海归文学中的"离散意识"在文本刻画中表现了独特的东方与西方、母国与移居国、离散与回归之间的张力,也呈现了比较复杂的族群认同与跨国认同。

关键词： 圣俗合体城市   半有机半规划城市   观念的剩余   城市文学  

摘要： 城市是人为谋求良好生活而建造的场所,但它不能借助于高塔通向天堂,人类只能建造"无塔之城"这种世俗的城市。以中国城市为代表的东方型城市,是一种将城市的神圣功能和世俗功能合二为一的城市类型,但它也是典型的"规划城市"。城市学家所说的"有机生长城市"实际上并不存在,有的只是"半有机、半规划"城市,中国一线城市也都是这类城市。城市革命因农业革命而诞生,根源在于"剩余"。但"剩余"不仅仅是物质性的,更是观念性的和精神性的。文学对城市的表达,跟这种"剩余观念"有密切关系。中世纪末期的城市复兴,催生了现代文化,催生了现代文学和现代人,也催生了知识分子和作家。他们是观察家兼评论家,更是一群寻找家园的"流浪者"。

关键词： 广东新移民文学   新市民文学   改革开放  

摘要： 谢镇泽、郭海军合著的《改革开放城市新移民文学书写研究》以改革开放以来广东的新移民文学书写为主要研究对象,重新界定了广东“新移民文学”这一概念,并以打工文学、底层写作、城市文学、新市民文学来概括新移民文学的历时性形态。从“新移民”到“新市民”的蜕变,更是为广东文学的研究提供了新的维度。

关键词： 城市文学   历史逻辑   日常生活   诗性焦虑  

摘要： 作为权力和财富集中的场域,城市早期的发展史造成了城市文学权力讴歌、欲望书写与道德审视、社会批判同时并存的现象。在文学的话语体系中,乡村与城市的差异通常意味着理想与世俗的对立,诗性空间和欲望空间的对立。城市叙事由此陷入两难境地:所有物质层面的展现,都有权力讴歌和财富炫耀的嫌疑;而对城市的反省,又不由自主地走向基于乡土经验的自我否定。由此可见,城市叙事的展开只有摆脱欲望书写和道德批判的框架,才能找到城市精神自我发现的突破口。对于作为城市主体而存在的市民,包括街道、建筑、社会关系和生活方式等在内的城市结构,从来不是异己的存在,就像土地之于农民,不仅是市民的现实生活空间,同时也是他们的精神依托,市民视角的文学叙事无疑更贴近城市本身。然而,城市文学对市民及其日常生活的再现,又不得不同时面对诗性失落的深刻焦虑。在全球化和生活化的转向中,城市的丰富性和多元化决定了文学自我更新的紧迫性。

关键词： sponge city construction   stormwater management   directly connected impervious area   urban catchment scale  

摘要： Low-impact development (LID) has been widely used at both site-specific and local scales to try and mitigate the impact of urban stormwater runoff caused by increasing impervious urban areas. Recently, the concept of a "sponge city" was proposed by the Chinese government, which includes LID controls at the source, a pipe drainage system midway, and a drainage system for excess stormwater at the terminal. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of sponge city construction at the large urban catchment scale, particularly with different spatial distributions of LIDs that reduce directly connected impervious areas (DCIAs). In this paper, the performances of five design scenarios with different spatial distributions but same sizes of LID controls at the urban catchment scale were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) of the United States Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)-based Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and MIKE 11 of Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) in Xining City, China. Results confirmed the effectiveness of sponge city construction in reducing the urban stormwater runoff. The hydrological performance reduction was positively correlated and linearly dependent on DCIA reduction. Peak flow reduction was most sensitive to DCIA reduction, followed by runoff volume and peak time. As rainfall intensity increased, the hydrological performance was more sensitive to rainfall intensity than DCIA reduction. Results of this study provide new insights for stormwater managers to implement LID more effectively at the urban catchment scale.

关键词： main habitat factors   spatiotemporal changes   water ecosystems remediation   zoobenthos  

摘要： In water ecosystems, zoobenthos are one of the most important communities. Maintenance of healthy zoobenthos community is essential for water ecosystems remediation. Understanding the hydrology and water quality factors that drive the variation of zoobenthos is the priority for water ecosystems remediation. The present study used canonical correlation analysis to select the main habitat factors affecting zoobenthic communities based on field sampling of the river zoobenthos in the first pilot city for the construction of civilized water ecosystems in China-Jinan City. In addition, analysis was performed based on geoscience methods of Global Moran's I and Anselin local Moran's I spatial autocorrelation of main habitats factors. The results show that the key water quality physical factors affecting Jinan City zoobenthic communities were pH and conductivity;the key water quality chemical factors were K+, Na+, and permanganate index;and the key hydrological factor was water depth. The sodium ions and conductivity exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation in all seasons. And the regions exhibiting spatial autocorrelation were generally stable. Moreover, the characteristics of benthic animals are closely related to human activities of domestic sewage discharge in the central and agricultural activities in northern parts of the study area. All methods in this paper can be extended to the researches on other communities, for example, algae, zooplankton, and fish in water ecosystems. The methods and results in the paper can provide significant references for managers to protect and restore degraded water ecosystems in global water.

关键词： noise   low-cost sensors   networks  

摘要： Noise pollution reduction in the environment is a major challenge from a societal and health point of view. To implement strategies to improve sound environments, experts need information on existing noise. The first source of information is based on the elaboration of noise maps using software, but with limitations on the realism of the maps obtained, due to numerous calculation assumptions. The second is based on the use of measured data, in particular through professional measurement observatories, but in limited numbers for practical and financial reasons. More recently, numerous technical developments, such as the miniaturization of electronic components, the accessibility of low-cost computing processors and the improved performance of electric batteries, have opened up new prospects for the deployment of low-cost sensor networks for the assessment of sound environments. Over the past fifteen years, the literature has presented numerous experiments in this field, ranging from proof of concept to operational implementation. The purpose of this article is firstly to review the literature, and secondly, to identify the expected technical characteristics of the sensors to address the problem of noise pollution assessment. Lastly, the article will also put forward the challenges that are needed to respond to a massive deployment of low-cost noise sensors.

关键词： Environmental impact   Hydrology  

摘要： Cities evolve through phases of construction, demolition, vacancy, and redevelopment, each impacting water movement at the land surface by altering soil hydrologic properties, land cover, and topography. Currently unknown is whether the variable physical and vegetative characteristics associated with vacant parcels and introduced by demolition may absorb rainfall and thereby diminish stormwater runoff. To investigate this, we evaluate how vacant lots modulate citywide hydrologic partitioning by synthesizing a novel field dataset across 500+ parcels in Buffalo, New York, USA. Vacant lot infiltration rates vary widely (0.001 to 5.39cmh(-1)), though parcels are generally well-vegetated and gently sloped. Extending field estimates to 2400 vacant parcels, we estimate that vacant lands citywide may cumulatively infiltrate 51-54% additional annual rainfall volume as compared to pre-demolition state, in part by reducing and disconnecting impervious areas. Our findings differentiate vacant lots as purposeful landscapes that can alleviate large water fluxes into aging wastewater infrastructure. The authors investigate the infiltration potential of more than 500 vacant lots in the City of Buffalo, NY, USA. They found that the expanding footprint of pervious cover as urban vacant land provides stormwater volume retention benefits on an event and annual basis.

关键词： Coastal aquifer   Newark Bay   Nutrients   Submarine groundwater discharge   Urban estuaries  

摘要： Coastal zones of urban area have been highly impacted by human activities, and urban estuaries suffer from environmental pollution and degradation of coastal ecosystems. In addition to surface runoff, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been recognized as an important pathway for transport of chemicals to the marine environment. In summer 2017 and 2018, groundwater (n = 39) and sediment (n = 13) samples were collected at depths of 20-175 cm from a sandy coastal aquifer in addition to surface water samples (n = 10) along the Newark Bay, a highly urbanized estuary. Aquifer sediments consisted dominantly of medium to coarse sand and were highly permeable, while they were poor in organic matter. Groundwater was fresh to saline and the pH ranged from 6.62 to 8.68, while dissolved oxygen ranged from 1 to 8 mg/L. The urban coastal groundwater contained elevated levels of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate with maximum concentrations of 37.2, 11.1 and 4.1 mg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in surface water from the Newark Bay by 5- to 64-fold. The elevated N and P in groundwater may perhaps result from anthropogenic sources, such as the leakage of underground sewers. Estimated discharge of N and P from the highly permeable coastal aquifer to the Newark Bay is comparable to the transport of N and P from the Hackensack River into the bay during dry periods. Submarine groundwater discharge of anthropogenic nutrients could be a significant source of nutrients in the Newark Bay, but further study is needed to better understand the human impacts on biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in the urban estuary.