关键词： Urban heat island   Urban pollution   Air quality   Heat mitigation   Tropospheric ozone   Climate change  

摘要： With the doubling of urban population within the next two decades and the disproportionate growth of megacities, it is critical to explore the synergism between urban heat and pollution. In this paper, a systematic review is conducted on the existing knowledge, collected since 1990, on the link between urban heat island (UHI) and urban pollution island (UPI). Results from 16 countries and 11 Koppen-Geiger climatic zones are perused and compared to delineate methodological and experimental trends, geographical dependencies and research gaps. Detailed content analysis is conducted according to five prominent topics: i) the role of UHI on temperature-dependent chemistry, ii) the daytime/nighttime variability in the UHI-UPI interaction, iii) the role of urban geomorphic types, forms and growth schemes, iv) future trends and v) primary and secondary effects of UHI mitigation on urban air quality. Different approaches and observations are eventually harmonized to outline opportunities and challenges towards the disentanglement and/or the two-way mitigation of both phenomena. This will help governments and urban planners to deliver coping strategies and precautions towards a more salutogenic urban design. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： affordability   big data   house prices   home sharing   information and communication technology   smart cities  

摘要： Housing issues, including affordability, instability, and the search for available units, present ongoing challenges for urban inhabitants. Supporters claim information and communication technology (ICT) can solve housing problems through increased efficiency, transparency, and the creation of smart cities. However, little is known about the actual use and application of ICT data on housing issues. This article reviews and assesses recent empirical research involving housing and ICT data. Using Web of Science to identify relevant articles, we find most studies focus on housing search and prices or home sharing, which partly reflects the availability of data in these domains. Few articles use ICT data to explore housing challenges for economically vulnerable, historically disadvantaged, or marginalized groups. We discuss concerns about representation in ICT data related to housing and argue for more attention to the needs of vulnerable groups to help build more inclusive smart cities.

关键词： Climate change   Adaptation   Mitigation   Co-benefit   Synergy   Interaction   Energy   Green infrastructure  

摘要： Accounting for over 70% of global CO2 emissions, cities are major contributors to climate change. Acknowledging this, urban climate change adaptation and mitigation plans are increasingly developed to make progress toward enhancing climate resilience. While there is consensus that focusing on both adaptation and mitigation is necessary for addressing climate change impacts, better understanding of their interactions is needed to efficiently maximize their potentials. This paper, first, provides a bibliographic analysis to map existing knowledge regarding adaptation-mitigation interactions. This is done using methods such as bibliographic coupling, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis. Then, drawing on the literature, this study explores two types of interactions between adaptation andmitigationmeasures, namely co-benefits and synergies. These interactions are explored through analyzing evidence reported in the literature on different measures related to sectors such as energy, transportation, waste, water, green infrastructure, urban planning, and governance. Results of the bibliographic analysis show that there is a lack of research in the Global South. Results of the detailed content analysis showthat manymeasures can provide co-benefits and synergies. Measures related to green infrastructure, buildings, energy systems, and, transportation are particularly capable of providing co-benefits. In addition, it was found that appropriate levels of density, promotion of public transportation, and urban greenery are measures that are more likely to provide synergistic benefits if combined with other adaptation and/or mitigation measures. This study highlights the need for more empirical research to better understand the magnitude of synergistic benefits between different measures. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 文化记忆   人文社科研究   室内外空间   重点项目   空间构型   建筑景观   城市叙事   高等学校  

摘要： 当今时代我们每个人对于"城市"这个概念并不陌生,也都有自己熟悉的城市中具有代表性的建筑景观,并且留给了我们每个人不同的记忆,也书写了每一个人的故事。该书为我们讲述了关于文学与城市的故事。城市是由室内外空间与各种建筑构成的整体,文学家对城市的书写掺杂着个体的空间想象与文化记忆,此书以建筑书写为焦点,结合空间叙事的动力机制与空间构型的关系,对1980年代以来的城市叙事进行全面观察。关注此书,源于我在安徽省高等学校人文社科研究重点项目(SK2019A0886)研究时的探讨与学习。

关键词： 茅盾文学奖   迟子建   文化烙印   文学表达   人的命运   悲欢离合   主题基调   烟火  

摘要： 又一次华丽的文学转身茅盾文学奖获得者迟子建,一直以来工作生活在北方,她所有的小说创作无不和北方大地有关,更确切地说,她的作品深深地打上了乡土、原野、森林的文化烙印。其新近出版的长篇小说《烟火漫卷》,写的是哈尔滨这座城市里平凡人的悲欢离合、喜怒哀乐。在她的笔下,人的命运,就是城的命运。人的未来,也是城的未来,人与城不分你我。从主题基调方面看,这是一部在城市烟火之中,叩问天地、历史、命运、灵魂等多重交响的长篇力作。

关键词： 茅盾   子夜   现代都市工业文明   个人命运  

摘要： 作家茅盾笔名的选用在一定程度上便是其创作方式的象征,在三十年代上海都市文学作品《子夜》中,作家通过文章主题构建、人物刻画及命运分析的方式,对近代中国都市内生的矛盾性问题进行生动书写,因此本文将以茅盾写到的现代都市工业文明对都市的塑造作用、女性解放视域下的个人命运这两个方面为具体路径进行探讨.

关键词： 封闭   墙壁   都市  

摘要： 1994年诺贝尔文学奖获得者大江健三郎在文学创作的第一阶段,发表的7部短篇小说,描述了战后处于"封闭监禁"状态下的日本无所适从的社会相和青年一代的"挫败徒劳感".《人羊》将都市书写融入被占领的"墙壁"意识,进一步深刻地揭示了大江初期短篇的核心主题.

关键词： 文坛巨匠   叶兆言   俞平伯   赛珍珠   张恨水   朱自清   张爱玲   朝夕相伴  

摘要： 南京,被联合国教科文组织授予世界文学之都。这座绵延了1800年文脉的古都,在南京作家叶兆言那本以南京古城墙为封面的黑砖一样厚的大书《南京传》里高高耸立,让我读到了南京城一砖一瓦的前世今生。一个作家为母城作传,如子孙对前辈的孝敬,它让一座城市的血脉,在生生不息里恒久地搏动。在南京,鲁迅、巴金、朱自清、俞平伯、张恨水、张爱玲、赛珍珠、叶圣陶等文坛巨匠曾经与这座城市朝夕相伴。

关键词： 宋庆莲   乡土牧歌   现代城市文明  

摘要： 湖湘儿童文学作家宋庆莲的短篇儿童文学创作着重呈现出现代城市文明对乡土社会的冲击,这一冲击主要表现在对乡土社会的自然生态环境与乡民主体心理变化两个方面。而无论是哪一方面的冲击,都最终被作家予以一定程度的弥补,呈现出"常—变—常""喜—悲—喜"的圆形故事结构。从这个意义上可以说,宋庆莲的短篇儿童文学作品是一曲现代城市文明冲击下的带有一定理想色彩的乡土牧歌。