关键词： Environmental perceptions   Green spaces   Physical characteristics   Social cohesion   Use patterns   Well-being  

摘要： Research has substantiated the positive role of social cohesion on physical health and psychological well-being, and there is increasing interest in how public urban green spaces (“green spaces” hereafter) promote social cohesion. This review synthesized existing empirical evidence to ascertain the impact of green spaces on social cohesion. 51 published studies met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Physical characteristics, perceptions, and use patterns of green spaces were found directly influencing social cohesion. Findings also suggested that physical characteristics of green spaces intermingle with environmental perceptions and use patterns to further complicate the impact on social cohesion. A model was proposed to conceptualize the complex relationships between green spaces and social cohesion. The review identified current gaps in the literature which futher research is needed. It also informs interventions for promoting public health and well-being by enhancing social cohesion in urban natural environments. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： 现当代文学   文学观   阐释体系   理论体系   扬子江   评论  

摘要： 黄孝阳是最近几年非常值得关注的一位"70后"作家,他提出的量子文学观也在理论界独树一帜。评论家刘志权在评论《超越传统的文学探险》中认为,在看待黄孝阳的写作时"已有经验几乎失去了用武之地","当我们准备分析或批评他的文本,首先面临着理论方法和标准选择的问题。"(《扬子江评论》2014.3)这指出了一个本质性的问题,当黄孝阳的写作已经在架构一种新的理论体系,我们依然试图在现当代文学的成熟的阐释体系中给他的写作命名。

关键词： 新感觉派   都市文学   身份认同  

摘要： 作为中国第一个真正意义上的现代主义流派,新感觉派的创作内容多为都市生活中的个人体验。新感觉派在创作实践的形式层面与普罗文学大相径庭,但二者都是五四启蒙传统的继承。看似叛逆乖张的表象背后,隐伏着新感觉派作家对于后殖民语境中文化认同和身份认同的困惑,他们试图运用两性权力中的暴力书写建构自身,彰显的是知识分子在城乡矛盾中的微妙情绪。

关键词： 打工文学   大众化   发展   城市  

摘要： "打工文学"是21世纪初兴起的重要文学创作潮流。由于多种原因,这一创作在近年来陷入停滞,也没有出现有重要影响的作家作品。但"打工文学"并没有失去现实存在意义,而且,它还包含着解决新文学大众化难题的内在契机。今天的"打工文学"需要超越过去,在创作质量和作家主体等方面作出发展和更新。如果"打工文学"能够持续发展并实现自我突破,将可望产生伟大的作家作品,在解决新文学大众化困境的同时,还可以拓展中国城市文学的书写空间,为其提供丰富的可能性。

关键词： 1980年代   城市文学   娼妓   娼妓制度   改造话语  

摘要： 自1956年社会主义改造完成以来,“娼妓制度”被混同于“娼妓”,造成了当下文学研究界对“娼妓”形象正当性的质疑。作家在创作娼妓题材小说,或有娼妓在其中的小说时,经常纠结于人物构象与政治话语之间,失据于微妙的迎合与迟疑的倒转关系,无法聚焦“娼妓”形象内在性的塑造。由此,有必要辨正“娼妓”和“娼妓制度”这两个概念,重塑当代文学创作和批评中的“娼妓形象”,以独特的角度让文学回归“一般人学”。

关键词： 叶兆言   古城墙   深秋时节   江苏省南京市   联合国教科文组织   前世今生   生生不息  

摘要： 江苏省南京市在去年深秋时节被联合国教科文组织授予“世界文学之都”称号。在南京作家叶兆言那本以南足古城墙为封面的、黑砖一样厚的大书《南京传》里,我了解了这座绵延了1800年文脉的古都,那一砖一瓦的前世今生。一个作家为母城作传,如子孙对先辈的孝顺和崇敬,让一座城市的血脉在生生不息里恒久地搏动。

关键词： Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)   Transportation-as-a-Service (TaaS)   Smart mobility   Smart city   Transportation disadvantage   Social exclusion  

摘要： There is a growing demand, across the globe, for smart mobility solutions to reduce negative social, environmental and economic externalities of private automobile travel. Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is an integrated system that through a single online interface enables commuters to plan, book, and pay for trips which utilise a range of mobility providers. MaaS has a unique characteristic to provide a system into which new service options can be integrated with traditional transportation modes. This makes MaaS a potential alternative to private vehicle ownership, and a means to overcome some of the negative externalities associated with automobile dependency. To realise this potential, many cities have implemented-or are in the process of implementing-MaaS trials to better understand how this service will function within cities. This paper utilises a systematic literature review to extract insights, and develops a conceptual framework to identify barriers and risks related to MaaS adoption in cities. The study findings reveal that: (a) the desired MaaS outcomes are associated with reduced vehicle kilometres travelled, increased trip awareness, reduced parking, reduced vehicle ownership, and improved social equity;(b) MaaS supply side barriers include public private cooperation, business support, service coverage, shared vision, and data and cyber security;(c) MaaS demand side barriers are its lack of appeal to older generations, public transport users, and private vehicle users, the attractiveness of the digital platform, and user willingness-to-pay.

摘要： On a global scale, urbanization and climate change are two powerful forces that are reshaping ecosystems and their inhabitants. The scale and manner in which these two phenomena are changing the globe may differ, but any orchestrated response to one cannot be very effective without due consideration to the other. For all intents and purposes, anthropogenic response and adaptation are localized, disconnected, and single-purposed for various reasons including economic, social, political, and scientific. Thus, there remains a lack of understanding of how the holistic “sum” of these two forces can be assessed. This is not surprising, nor a criticism, but a simple fact that is difficult to manage. Researching the impacts of these two phenomena individually will likely only provide short-term results that are only marginally effective.

摘要： 当今时代我们每个人对于"城市"这个概念并不陌生,也都有自己熟悉的城市中具有代表性的建筑景观,并且留给了我们每个人不同的记忆,也书写了每一个人的故事.该书为我们讲述了关于文学与城市的故事.城市是由室内外空间与各种建筑构成的整体,文学家对城市的书写掺杂着个体的空间想象与文化记忆,此书以建筑书写为焦点,结合空间叙事的动力机制与空间构型的关系,对1980年代以来的城市叙事进行全面观察.

关键词： Wastewater   Nutrients   Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs)   Hydrology   Subsidy-stress   Ecosystem functioning   Biocides  

摘要： Urban pollution and hydrological stress are common stressors of stream ecosystems, but their combined effects on ecosystem functioning are still unclear. We measured a set of functional processes and accompanying environmental variables in locations upstream and downstream of urban sewage inputs in 13 streams covering a wide range ofwater pollution levels and hydrological variability. Sewage inputs seriously impaired stream chemical characteristics and led to complex effects on ecosystem functioning. Biofilm biomass accrual, whole-reach nutrient uptake andmetabolism(ecosystem respiration) were generally subsidized, whereas organic matter decomposition and biofilm phosphorus uptake capacity decreased with increasing pollutant concentrations. Hydrological stress affected stream ecosystem functioning but its effect was minor compared to the effects of urban pollution, due to the large inter-site variability of the streams. Changes appeared mainly linked to the concentration of pharmaceutically active compounds, followed by other chemical characteristics and by hydrology. The results point to the need to further improve sewage treatment, especially as climate change will stress riverine organisms and reduce the dilution capacity of the receiving streams. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.