关键词： Climate change   Disaster   Hydrology analysis   Urban flooding   Flood adaptation  

摘要： Urban flooding damage is an increasing problem in cities worldwide and is only expected to become worse as urbanization and climate change continue. To prevent disasters and minimize loss of life and economic harm, government agencies have started implementing large-scale projects;however, budgetary constraints and overly optimistic designs have prevented the desired results. This study aims to prove that flood adaptation models using small-scale technologies can ameliorate the impact of torrential rainfall events. A new hydrology analysis model was applied to a district in Seoul, Korea that is prone to frequent floods. The results were encouraging and indicated the effectiveness of careful planning and urban design.

关键词： 城市   文学   代际  

摘要： 籍由李佩甫、乔叶、南飞雁的创作,研究具有地域属性的城市书写与历史探寻,可以发现20世纪80年代以来河南城市文学的发展风貌,以及不同代际作家所承递的地域文化精神脉络。就河南城市文学的趋向来说,如何从古老悠久的历史文化中汲取资源和营养,审视现代化城市的新动向、新思想,在城与人中找寻独特的文化韵味,进而确立具有自身地域属性的美学原则,成为新的阅读期待。

关键词： 南京   “文学之都”   城市文化品牌  

摘要： 入选“文学之都”是对南京在文学传统、文学创作、文学传播、全民阅读等方面的肯定,这也成为南京又一重要的城市文化品牌,有助于南京塑造更加鲜明的城市文化品格和发展更具活力的文学产业。但是从目前来看,南京在“文学之都”的城市文化品牌建设和开发方面还存在诸多不足,依然需要在营造文学环境、推进全民阅读、鼓励文学创作、加强文学传播、助推产业发展、加大人才培养等方面进行努力。

关键词： 海派文学   中国现代文学史   自由主义文学   沈从文   文学批评   文学的商业化   海派作家   京派  

摘要： 众所周知,中国现代文学史上著名的"京派"和"海派"之争是由沈从文在1933年发表的《文学者的态度》一文所引发的。这次事件前后沈从文都发表过一些涉及海派文学的文章,他的不少文学批评对象也和海派文学有紧密的关系。沈从文的这些文学批评一方面一如既往秉承自由主义文学理想,抨击海派文学的商业化、功利化等倾向,捍卫文学的纯正和严肃,有着积极的意义;但同时,沈从文对海派文学的批评也流露着较为极端的情绪,甚至完全抹杀了海派作家创作的价值。

关键词： Liveability   Urban water management   Conceptualisation   Greenspaces   Stormwater  

摘要： Liveability is a term widely used in literature, but there does not appear to be a consensus around its definition. This is a problem for the water management sector who are increasingly extending the articulation of their services to capture the liveability value of water in the urban landscape. Recognising that liveability is a dynamic and multi-dimensional concept, this paper seeks to explore the differences in meaning found in the literature and highlight the context that drives them. Specifically, we ask: How has academic scholarship and broader non-academic literature conceptualised liveability and how has it been interpreted in the context of urban water management? To answer this question we conducted a systematic review of academic and non-academic liter-ature, identified attributes of liveability found therein, and looked for commonalities among different groups. The results show that conceptualisations of liveability differ between academic and non-academic literature but transport and connectedness emerge as central liveability themes in both. Interpretations of liveability within urban water management, on the other hand, focus primarily on the role of water in enhancing public greenspace often in the context of stormwater management and water governance. This paper contributes to the understanding of liveability, by identifying commonly used liveability attributes and discussing possible drivers of divergent conceptualisations of liveability: influence of policy, institutional logics of research, and growing interest in technical and engineering fields. We also discuss how distinct con-ceptualisation of liveability within urban water management can be attributed to the changes in water gover-nance and its role in enhancing public greenspace. Collectively, this suggests that more critical understanding of liveability is needed -one which recognises the heterogeneity of different conceptualisations and the external and internal context that drives them.

关键词： Digital technologies   digital water innovations   urban water   Global South   systematic literature review  

摘要： Increasing implementation of digital water innovations in cities of the Global South has been accompanied by a growth in research on this topic. This paper presents a first systematic literature review of this domain, analysing a total of 43 papers using a range of thematic categorisations. Overall profiling finds literature to be recent, limited in its engagement with theorisation or methodology, and with some disciplinary, geographic and method gaps. Research has been conservative with regards to the technologies covered, with a provider-centric, rather than a user- or government-centric leaning. Impact findings are skewed towards benefits more than disbenefits, and towards impacts on providers and users rather than towards the broader socio-environmental impacts. The paper ends by laying out a future research agenda that particularly emphasises the value of more contextualised sociotechnical and sociopolitical research.

关键词： Benchmarking   Compact cities   Health   Planning principle   Stakeholder  

摘要： Today, urban and transport planners face considerable challenges in designing and retrofitting cities that are prepared for increasing urban populations, and their service and mobility needs. When it comes to healthpromoting urban and transport developments, there is also a lack of standardized, quantitative indicators to guide the integration of health components right from the outset, i.e. in the formal planning or zoning phase. We narratively reviewed the literature and organized stakeholder workshops to identify and tailor planning principles and indicators that can be linked to health outcomes. We defined four core planning objectives that previous authoritative studies have suggested to result in positive health outcomes among city dwellers, which are: I) development of compact cities, II) reduction of private motorized transport, III) promotion of active (i.e. walking and cycling) and public transport, IV) development of green and public open space. Built on the review and stakeholder consensus, we identified 10 urban and transport planning principles that work towards achieving the four core objectives thought to provide health benefits for European city dwellers. These 10 planning principles are: 1) land use mix, 2) street connectivity, 3) density, 4) motorized transport reductions, 5) walking, 6) cycling, 7) public transport, 8) multi-modality, 9) green and public open space, and 10) integration of all planning principles. A set of indicators was developed and tailored for each planning principle. The final output of this work is a checklist ready to be applied by urban and transport professionals to integrate health into urban and transport developments in urban environments right from the outset.

关键词： Participation   Nature-based solutions   Urban landscapes   Civic ecology   Environmental Stewardship   Green infrastrcuture  

摘要： It is evident that climate change and unanticipated natural events pose new challenges for humanity and the environment. Already over half of the global population resides in cities, making the urban landscape a crucial focus area. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are an opportunity to address both environmental and societal challenges in both the immediate and long term, bearing particular importance in urban landscapes, as these pose more challenges and more opportunities for greater impact simultaneously. For the successful, widespread and sustainable implementation of NbS, wider inclusion of people and employment of deeper levels of participation are crucial. This review paper aimed to examine the relationship between participation and its various applications to NbS from global literature, and more specifically, assessing the levels of participation. We used Arnstein?s (Arnstein, 1969) ladder of participation to base our analysis against five essential criteria for participatory implementation. Our results demonstrate that ?consultation? and ?partnership? are the dominant levels of participation, while there is evidence supporting the adoption of deeper levels such as delegated power and citizen control. Our study argues that the role of landscape architects and urban planners should go beyond the role of experts towards facilitators and motivators, to enable wider and deeper participation of communities in defining their futures. The study contributes to the field by highlighting the potential and importance of participatory approaches, providing insights into a range of tools used to facilitate participation at various depths and offering practical and employable knowledge of application. We conclude by suggesting future pathways for empirical research.

关键词： flood-prone   GIS hydrological analysis   performance indicator   threshold criterion   optimization  

摘要： Urban floods are detrimental to societies, and flood mapping techniques provide essential support for decision-making on the better management of flood risks. This study presents a GIS-based flood characterization methodology for the rapid and efficient identification of urban flood-prone areas, which is especially relevant for large-scale flood hazards and emergency assessments for data-scarce studies. The results suggested that optimal flood mapping was achieved by adopting the median values of the thresholds for local depression extraction, the topographic wetness index (TWI) and aggregation analyses. This study showed the constraints of the depression extraction and TWI methods and proposed a methodology to improve the performance. A new performance indicator was further introduced to improve the evaluation ability of hazard mapping. It was shown that the developed methodology has a much lower demand on the data and computation efforts in comparison to the traditional two-dimensional models and, meanwhile, provides relatively accurate and robust assessments of flood hazards.