关键词： Water conservancy   Urbanization   Hydrogen and oxygen isotope tracers   Water interaction   Mean residence time   Sustainable water management  

摘要： In recent years, the development and utilization of water resources have imposed great impacts on hydrological characteristics and ecological environment. In this paper, methods based on stable isotopes were used to analyze the cumulative effect of water projects and urbanization on the hydrological cycle in Qingbaijiang River Basin. Isotope evidence shows that the hydrological processes affected by water regulation and urbanized runoff generation differentiate greatly from the natural state. The annual mean isotopic values follow an order of groundwater > rainwater > river water. Consistent isotopic composition and variation trend between the near-bank groundwater and river water were only observed from May to late June 2018 and from February to April 2019 in the upper zone, indicating the dominant recharge of river to the groundwater. However, the isotopic variations between the two waters in the middle and lower zones suggested that the hydraulic exchange was limited, demonstrating the significant changes in river water level caused by the reservoir impoundment. The isotopic enrichment rate along the flow path is highest in January (0.0265 parts per thousand/km), followed by October (0.0160 parts per thousand/km), indicating the significant evaporation, while slight spatial changes in July (0.0027 parts per thousand/km) reflected masked evaporation effect. This variability can be mainly attributed to the flow rate change and increase of water salinity in anthropic zones. Periodic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the difference in rainfall-runoff responses between hydrographic zones and estimate the mean residence time (MRT). Periodicity of isotopes in river water increased from upper to lower reaches with increasing R-2 values from 0.04 in SW1 to 0.46 in SW8. The MRT grew shorter along the flow path from 870 days in SW1 to 293 days in SW8, reflecting accelerated rainfall-runoff process due to the increasing impervious surface area and drainage system.

关键词： Last mile delivery   Sustainability   e-Commerce   Cities   Stakeholders  

摘要： In the literature, city logistics in terms of last mile delivery on the e-commerce market is quite new area of research that is not thoroughly investigated. It can be observed that there are many papers discussing various topics from the perspective of different groups of stakeholders such as residents, governments, shippers, receivers, transport companies (CEP), and others. However, there is no holistic approach covering the presented field of research. Therefore, the paper's purpose is identification of trends in sustainable last mile delivery on ecommerce market in cities from the perspective of various stakeholders. The research method that serves the paper's purpose is systematic literature review in the above-presented field performed through traditional method and machine learning (VOSviewer). In order to conduct critical analysis of published sources, the Web of Science and Scopus databases were applied. The paper's added value is a comprehensive approach to sustainable city logistics of last mile delivery that includes all stakeholders' perspectives and the identification of trends in this area. During the critical literature analysis, authors identified the relations between stakeholders, the fields of the research, and the trends for developing sustainable last mile delivery on the e-commerce market. It should be noted, that recent articles discuss newer technological and organization solutions, such as IoT, autonomous vehicles, crowd-shipping, parcel lockers, and concentrate on the behavior analysis of e-customers.

关键词： Historic Urban Areas   Vulnerability assessment   Multi-hazard analysis   Urban vulnerability and risk   Cultural heritage  

摘要： A large volume of work has been carried out in recent years to assess the effects of individual hazards on urban areas. However, due to its complexity, assessing the probable cumulative impacts of multiple hazards has not yet entered the mainstream of research and urban management practice, particularly in the specific case of the Historic Urban Areas. This paper aims at contributing to paving the way towards the establishment of future multi-hazard vulnerability and risk assessment methodologies for Historic Urban Areas by offering a comprehensive review of some of the most relevant methodologies proposed to date in this research area. Justified by their relevance in the Historic Urban Areas' scope, this review focuses specifically on seismic, flood, and fire assessment methodologies, with particular emphasis on those potentially suitable to be interfaced in multi-hazard approaches. The relevance of considering and managing the impacts of each one of these hazards, the review of the most relevant assessment methodologies, and the identification of the leading indicators considered by the different approaches constitute the core of this work. Finally, some relevant examples of the development and use of multi-hazard vulnerability and risk analysis in historic urban areas are also provided and discussed.

关键词： Urban regeneration   Collaborative decision-making   Stakeholders   Review   Bibliometric analysis  

摘要： Since the diverse interests of multiple stakeholders inevitably increase the complexity of urban regeneration projects, collaborative decision-making has gradually been regarded as a solution to such a challenging problem. Although existing studies have begun to pay attention to the issue of collaborative decision-making between various stakeholders in urban regeneration, some problems e.g., inappropriate collaborative strategies, unreasonable distribution mechanism for stakeholders' interests, have yet to be solved and the research is still in the early stage. To better guide the investigation in this area, a comprehensive and systematic review for the existing studies is necessary. Using bibliometric approach, this paper classifies 160 journal papers related to decisionmaking in urban regeneration into three categories: (1) policies and strategies, (2) stakeholders, and (3) approaches and tools. Followed by a critical review to identify limitations of current research and future research directions. Finally, constructive suggestions and implications for collaborative decision-making in urban regeneration are provided, in terms of policy formulation, stakeholder coordination, and development of decision support tools. This review paper can be used as a roadmap for global researchers who focus on collaborative decision-making in urban regeneration, which could assist in the formulation of appropriate policies and the development of reliable decision-making toolkits.

关键词： Urban heat island (UHI)   Systematic literature review (SLR)   Intensity   Magnitude   Estimation   Urban climate   Urban climate change  

摘要： The severity of urban heat islands (UHIs) is increasing due to global and urban climate change. The damage caused by UHIs is also increasing. To establish a plan to improve the deteriorating thermal environment in cities due to UHIs and to minimize the damage, further research is needed to accurately estimate and analyze the intensity and magnitude of UHIs. This systematic literature review (SLR) is an in-depth review of 51 studies obtained through a five-step filtering process focusing on their analysis of the spatial extent of UHIs, the UHI concept that was used for UHI estimation, and the UHI estimation and analysis methods. This SLR confirmed the need for accurate UHI intensity and magnitude estimation and analysis to reset the existing UHI classification based on the variety of vertical and horizontal ranges where UHIs occur. The results also indicated that the existing UHI energy concepts for estimating UHIs need to be modified , developed to reflect the three-dimensional physical form of the city. Finally, this SLR clarifies the need to develop an optimized analysis method for UHI research. The review results of this SLR will inform future studies and be the cornerstone for establishing policies and plans that can accurately predict and respond to the damage caused by UHIs. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate smart agriculture   vulnerability   livelihood strategies   rural livelihoods   urban livelihoods   climate shocks  

摘要： Implementation of climate-smart livelihood strategies in communities is central to reducing impacts of climate shocks. Although the communities are vulnerable to climate variability, the magnitude of vulnerability depends on the choice of livelihood strategies being implemented. This paper applied a realist synthesis method to evaluate peer-reviewed literature on climate-smart livelihood strategies pursued in southern Africa in general and eastern Zimbabwe in particular. A holistic analysis of all climate variables was applied to adequately assess rural and urban communities' adaptive strategies at micro-level. Accordingly, this review gave a nuanced analysis of vulnerability that frames the context in which communities' livelihoods are affected by the increasing climate variability and extreme events. The review highlighted agriculture that involves forestry, crop and livestock farming as the predominant livelihoods in rural communities while crop farming and petty business dominates the informal economy as the core livelihoods in urban communities. Literature established the transformation of agriculture to climate smart practices that increase productivity and enhance the resilience of livelihoods. However, climate smart agriculture practices are not entirely new concepts. Most communities have always engaged in a variety of unorthodox farming methods to combat the impacts of climate variability and induced food insecurity. Given the right financial, technical and policy support, the communities are capable of constructing climate-smart livelihood strategies that are context specific. Fundamentally, the paper recommends that public and private institutions should develop capabilities to assess the impacts of climate related scenarios on vulnerable social groups to empower them to formulate bankable livelihood projects.

关键词： Urban heat island   Urban planning   Sustainable development   Urban policymaking   Urban technology   Climate change mitigation  

摘要： Policy and technology responses to increased temperatures in urban heat islands (UHIs) are discussed in a variety of research;however, their interaction is overlooked and understudied. This is an important oversight because policy and technology are often developed in isolation of each other and not in conjunction. Therefore, they have limited synergistic effects when aimed at solving global issues. To examine this aspect, we conducted a systematic literature review and synthesised 97 articles to create a conceptual structuring of the topic. We identified the following categories: (a) evidence base for policymaking including timescale analysis, effective policymaking instruments as well as decision support and scenario planning;(b) policy responses including landscape and urban form, green and blue area ratio, albedo enhancement policies, transport modal split as well as public health and participation;(c) passive technologies including green building envelopes and development of cool surfaces;and (d) active technologies including sustainable transport as well as energy consumption, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and waste heat. Based on the findings, we present a framework to guide future research in analysing UHI policy and technology responses more effectively in conjunction with each other.

关键词： Built environment   Cities   Mobile technologies   Mental health   Neurourbanism   Review  

摘要： Urbanization is an ongoing global process that is influencing and shaping individual mental health and wellbeing. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current literature containing state-of-the-art neuroscientific and mobile technologies that have been used to investigate the mental health implications of urban environments. Searches for peer-reviewed primary research articles were conducted in PubMed and SCOPUS, returning 33,443 papers;90 empirical articles published from 1981 to 2021 were included in the final synthesis. Central findings suggest virtual reality and mobile electroencephalography to be the most commonly used methods, and demanding mood, affect, and health phenomena or states to be the most common concepts of study in both physical built settings and natural urban spaces. Recommendations for both future practice and study noting particular opportunities for future methodological contributions are discussed.

ISBN: (纸本)9787532176236