关键词： 进城意识   观念变迁   流动社会   生活共同体  

摘要： 建国七十多年来,文学叙事中的进城主题书写,成为讲述中国故事和社会变迁的重要切入点。其中进城意识是伴随着进城模式的变迁而产生的行为主体现代性转换。农民进城与知识分子进城叙事始终是这一题材中的两条并行的主线。叩问不同时期进城者的精神流变,可以形塑出中国文学中城乡空间文化形态向现代性进阶的迭代过程。从上世纪五六十年代的进城赶考书写,七八十年代的进城焦虑,再到新世纪前后的融入困局,直到近年来进城者融入城市生活的期盼与探索,再现出从乡土中国走向中国城市,由身份改造到心灵安居的流动型社会镜像。进入新时代,让田园风格融进城市现代生活体系,让"美丽乡村"融入先进的城市生活元素,共同建构美好和谐的生活共同体的意识日益鲜明。

关键词： Urban floods   TVGM_Urban model   Horton infiltration model   SCSCN model   Land cover  

摘要： Rapid urbanization has great potential to adversely impact the local hydrological cycle, the environment, and ecosystems, as well as trigger severe problems, such as urban flooding, waterlogging, and water contamination. Understanding runoff generation mechanisms in urban areas helps identify the impacts of urbanization on runoff response and better simulate urban floods. However, in most urban hydrological models, urban surfaces are coarsely classified into impervious and pervious ones, which likely ignores differential rainfall-runoff responses of different urban surfaces and leads to large discrepancies between simulated and observed runoff. Here we developed the TVGM_Urban model, a new urban hydrological model based on the time variant gain model (TVGM), that represents nonlinear rainfall-runoff relationships for different urban surfaces. We applied the model to the Fenghuangcheng region of Shenzhen City, China and compared the results to those of two commonly used urban hydrological models: the Horton infiltration and Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCSCN) model. For each of these models, we conducted model uncertainty analysis using the GLUE method. The results showed that the TVGM_Urban model outperformed the other two models in terms of total runoff and peak flow. This could be due to the consideration of different land covers and both saturation excess and infiltration excess runoff generation in the TVGM_Urban model. In addition, the uncertainty analysis indicated better performance of the TVGM_Urban model in reducing structural uncertainty and prediction uncertainty. This study highlights the need to account for detailed land covers and different runoff generation mechanisms in urban hydrological modeling.

关键词： constructed wetlands   nitrogen removal   contaminants of emerging concern   pesticides   antibiotics   non-point source pollution  

摘要： Wetland treatment systems are used extensively across the world to mitigate surface runoff. While wetland treatment for nitrogen mitigation has been comprehensively reviewed, the implications of common-use pesticides and antibiotics on nitrogen reduction remain relatively unreviewed. Therefore, this review seeks to comprehensively assess the removal of commonly used pesticides and antibiotics and their implications for nitrogen removal in wetland treatment systems receiving non-point source runoff from urban and agricultural landscapes. A total of 181 primary studies were identified spanning 37 countries. Most of the reviewed publications studied pesticides (n = 153) entering wetlands systems, while antibiotics (n = 29) had fewer publications. Even fewer publications reviewed the impact of influent mixtures on nitrogen removal processes in wetlands (n = 16). Removal efficiencies for antibiotics (35-100%), pesticides (-619-100%), and nitrate-nitrogen (-113-100%) varied widely across the studies, with pesticides and antibiotics impacting microbial communities, the presence and type of vegetation, timing, and hydrology in wetland ecosystems. However, implications for the nitrogen cycle were dependent on the specific emerging contaminant present. A significant knowledge gap remains in how wetland treatment systems are used to treat non-point source mixtures that contain nutrients, pesticides, and antibiotics, resulting in an unknown regarding nitrogen removal efficiency as runoff contaminant mixtures evolve.

摘要： Despite evidence acknowledging disadvantages in care provided to older adults in rural nursing homes (NHs) in the United States, since 2010, no literature review has focused on differences in care provided in urban versus rural NHs. In the current study, we examined these differences by searching U.S. English-language peer-reviewed articles published after 2010 on differences in care quality in urban and rural NHs. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality appraisal. We conducted full-text abstraction of 56 (of 286) articles, identifying 10 relevant studies. Metric specification of urban/rural location varied, and care quality measures were wide-ranging, making it difficult to interpret evidence. Limited evidence supported that rural NHs, compared to urban NHs, provided sparse mental health support and limited access to hospice care after controlling for facility and resident characteristics. Our review highlights the need for more research examining differences in quality of care between urban and rural NHs and raises several issues in current research examining urban/rural NH differences where future work is needed.

关键词： 都市民俗   上海   文学书写   女性作家  

摘要： 都市民俗是在都市环境中蕴育形成的物质民俗、社会民俗、精神民俗及语言民俗等.在20世纪华洋杂处的上海,都市民俗形成了其特有的兼容并蓄的特点.对上海都市民俗的文学书写经历了20世纪30年代新感觉派的"异质民俗"书写、40年代新市民作家的"日常民俗"书写,以及80、90年代当代作家的"民俗寻根"书写等阶段,从而建构起了一条跨越时空的都市民俗文学书写的独特的风景线.都市民俗的文学创作承传也积淀着作家个人的文化情结与国家民族的文化记忆,具有文学史的意义与价值.

关键词： 文学绘图   解辖域化   游牧者   他者空间  

摘要： 在奇幻儿童文学《黑暗物质三部曲》及其衍生本《莱拉的牛津》中,菲利普·普尔曼通过绘制虚构地图以表征其意识形态性。文章运用文学绘图理论,对作品中牛津这一城市空间的意识形态性进行探析。通过ArcGIS软件绘制出主人公冒险轨迹,发现普尔曼指派主人公莱拉以游牧者的身份游走于牛津城市中心与边缘区域之间,实现了牛津空间的解辖域化。普尔曼颠覆了集贵族阶级、文明教化中心、西方中心等多重符号为一体的牛津城与牛津外围、异位区域和东方等他者空间位置,解构了贵族阶级与工人阶级、教化中心与野蛮区域,以及西方与东方这三组二元对立模式。

关键词： Urban management   Stakeholder theory   Urban strategy   Urban marketing   Urban networks   Value creation  

摘要： This paper mapped and explored the intellectual structure and the mainstream research on stakeholder theory in the urban context and urban management through co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and social network analysis. We found two main intellectual structures: "Urban Strategy" and "Urban Marketing";which emphasize issues related to environmental management, environmental performance, and collaborative urban governance. "Urban Strategy" is focused on meeting urban stakeholders' expectations through value creation. While "Urban Marketing" manages urban image attractiveness. We also identified three mainstream research themes: "Sustainable Urban Strategy" that arises from "Urban Strategy" and emphasizes sustainability;"Urban Marketing" also doubles as a mainstream research theme with the same features;and "Power of Networks" reveals how sustainable urban governance relates to relational capital, social capital, and partnerships in an urban context. The interface of the intellectual structure and mainstream research with stakeholder theory is discussed using constructs such as value creation and salience. We conclude with implications for policy-makers, local communities, scholars, and urban planners.

ISBN: (纸本)9787521215168

关键词： Smart city   Smartness   Neighborhood   Street   Demystifying   Quality of life  

摘要： The idea of "smart cities" emerged from the contemporary technological advancements and with the aim of enhancing cities' performance and improving the quality of life. As it turns out, the emerging theories and definitions have not kept up with the speed of technological innovations and their utilities in urban lifestyles. This paper provides a comprehensive definition of smartness and its scope apropos of different geographic scales by conducting an extended literature review. The study concludes that the smart combination of technologybased and non-technology-based resolutions not only enhance the urban performance but also increase the quality of life of inhabitants.

关键词： Smart city   Sustainable city   Content analysis   Japan   Sweden   International comparison  

摘要： Smart cities continue to be conceived and implemented around the world as literature documenting these trends grows at a similar pace. Practices focused on narrow techno-economic objectives have met with sharp criticism as scholars have called for human-centred smart cities that explicitly address social issues and the needs of residents. Yet, literature has made few attempts to systematically compare a representative sample of smart city practices and discussions using objective methods that combine quantitative and qualitative approaches. This study thus focuses on Sweden and Japan as two nations particularly active in the implementation and discussion of smart cities. To compare the state of discussions and practices in each country, we examine a sample of almost 2,000 academic studies published since 2010. Using co-occurrence network analysis (a type of content analysis), we objectively identify the thematic foci of discourse and practices in each country. We then explore the themes characterising each country's network with qualitative descriptions from the sampled literature. Our analysis reveals unique trends in both countries related to the conceptual framing of smart cities, participation of local government and citizens, and differing interpretations of vulnerability to hazards. Overall, combined findings from both countries reveal that technology-focused discussions are dominating over social topics, such as human capital, stakeholder participation, governance, social equity and so forth. The absence of socially oriented research is more pronounced, however, in Japan. These findings provide important cues for future smart city research, policy and practice.