关键词： 年用电量   探索性空间数据分析   空间计量经济模型  

摘要： 地区年用电量的高低与区域经济发展水平息息相关。本文以经济增长收敛理论为基础,运用2000年~2016年广东省21个地级市的年用电量数据进行了空间差异性与地区收敛性的实证分析,可为有关部门了解广东省各地区之间用电量的关系并制定调整政策提供一定的参考。

关键词： 劳动力转移   非工资水平   政策建议  

摘要： 文章运用了实际调研成果分析和文献研究的方法,探讨了二元经济模型中国实际国情下的适用性。首先提出了典型的非工资水平的劳动力转移因素;其次针对这种情况提出了相应的改进意见和政策方向。

关键词： Keynes经济模型   Hopf分歧   周期轨道   分歧  

摘要： 文章讨论了分歧理论在经济动态变化的Keynes模型上的应用,通过抽象建立化数学模型、特征值和Hopf分歧定理的方法研究方程在参数临界值处的分歧,并应用于解释社会经济生产力的变化与经济发展方式的变化的联系。全文分为三部分:第一部分介绍了分歧现象和Keynes经济理论的基本内容;第二部分建立了Keynes经济理论的微分方程模型,并利用Hopf分歧定理讨论方程在参数临界值处的分歧状态;第三部分将数学模型的定理结果应用于解释经济社会生产力与经济发展方式的深刻联系。

关键词： Model predictive control (MPC)   urban traffic control   perimeter control   route guidance   macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD)  

摘要： Local traffic control schemes fall short of achieving coordination with other parts of the urban road network, whereas a centralized controller based on the detailed traffic models would suffer from excessive computational burden. State estimation for detailed traffic models with limited observations and unpredictability of individual driver behavior create additional complications in the applicability of these models for largescale traffic control. This point toward the need for designing network-level controllers building on aggregated traffic models, which have recently attracted attention through the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) of urban traffic. Under some conditions, the MFD provides a unimodal, low-scatter, and demandinsensitive relationship between vehicle accumulation and travel production inside an urban region. In this paper, we propose MFD-based economic model predictive control (MPC) schemes to improve mobility in heterogeneously congested large-scale urban road networks. For more realistic simulations of urban networks with route guidance actuation-based control, a new model with cyclic behavior prohibition is developed. This paper extends upon earlier works on perimeter control-based MPC schemes with MFD modeling by integrating route guidance type actuation, which distributes flows exiting a region over its neighboring regions. Performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated via simulations of congested scenarios with noise in demand estimation and measurement errors. Results show the possibility of substantial improvements in urban network performance, in terms of network delays and traveled distance, even for low levels of driver compliance to route guidance.

关键词： Automotive industry  

摘要： We provide an economic model to understand the impact of adoption, sorting and pricing of scrap on the recycling of a new aluminum-cerium (AlCe) alloy for use in engine blocks in the automobile industry. The goal of the laboratory portion of this study is to investigate possible effects of cerium contamination on well-established aluminum recycling streams. Our methodology includes three components: (1) focused data gathering from industry supply chain participants, (2) experimental data through laboratory experiments to understand the impact of cerium on existing alloys and (3) an economic model to understand pricing incentives on a recycler's separation of AlCe engine blocks.

关键词： Solar house   Efficiency technology   Net metering   Buy-back rate   Missouri  

摘要： Economic models that provide a framework for understanding determinants of household energy consumption and the rate of reliance on cleaner energy are not available, despite the growing number of residential solar houses. This study presents a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between energy consumption, generation, storage and the reliance on cleaner energy. Our findings suggest that, (i) households which generate energy could consume more energy than households which do not generate energy, (ii) the economically optimal reliance on solar energy depends on energy prices, income and the slope of the marginal energy storage cost, (iii) there is no relationship between reliance on cleaner energy (or energy demand) and the efficiency level of energy-conversion technologies, and (iv) when buy-back rates are equal to the retail rate of electricity, reliance on generated energy could be zero and energy demand of a generating household may be identical to its non-generating counterpart. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： economic model predictive control   nonlinear constraint relaxation   periodic operation   difference-algebraic equations   water distribution networks  

摘要： This paper presents the application of an economic model predictive control (MPC) for the operational management of water distribution networks (WDNs) with periodic operation and nonlinear constraint relaxation. In addition to minimizing operational costs, the proposed approach aims to reduce the computational load and to improve the implementation efficiency associated with the nonlinear nature of the MPC problem. The behavior of the WDN is characterized by a set of difference-algebraic equations, where the relation of hydraulic pressure/head and flow in interconnected pipes is nonlinear. Specifically, the considered WDN model includes two categories of nonlinear algebraic equations for unidirectional and bidirectional flows in pipes, respectively. In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm to relax these nonlinear algebraic equations into a set of linear inequality constraints that will be implemented in the economic MPC design, which improves the implementation efficiency and meanwhile optimizes the economic performance. Finally, the proposed strategy is applied to a well-known benchmark of the Richmond WDN. The closed-loop simulation results are shown and the proposed strategy is also compared with a nonlinear economic MPC using several key performance indexes.

关键词： 四部门经济模型   参数检验   二阶段最小二乘法  

摘要： 本文运用计量经济学理论和Eviews软件,引用国家统计局1990年-2014年的数据,采用二阶段最小二乘法对中国宏观经济模型进行实证分析。了解我国经济运行特点和宏观经济主要指标间的相互依存关系,并进行宏观经济结构分析、政策评价、决策研究和发展预测。

关键词： 经济模型预测控制   模糊模型   锅炉–汽轮机系统   稳定性   可行性  

摘要： 现代电厂的优化控制通常采用双层控制结构,上层通过优化经济性能指标获得稳态设定值,传递到下层实现设定值跟踪.然而,传统的控制结构往往会忽略动态跟踪过程中的经济性能.本文针对锅炉–汽轮机系统设计了基于模糊模型的经济模型预测控制策略.通过离线设计稳定的线性反馈控制律和可行域,来保证优化问题的递推可行性和稳定性.通过在线求解双模态经济模型预测控制优化问题,实现锅炉汽轮机系统动态过程中经济性能的提高.大范围和小范围负荷变化情况下的仿真结果表明了本文提出的模糊经济模型预测控制的有效性.

关键词： 海洋生态经济   模型构建   模型应用  

摘要： 海洋生态是环境保护的重头戏,也是经济发展的前提和保障,本文从海洋生态经济学的角度出发,对《海洋生态经济模型构建与应用研究》一书在海洋生态经济模型的构建和应用方面的研究方面进行了分析与评价,基于此提出了相关建议,指出只有保护好海洋生态,才能保障经济稳定和社会和谐发展。