关键词： 高速铁路   区域经济   DID模型  

摘要： 文章采用双重差分(DID)计量经济模型研究高速铁路的开通对粤桂地区人均GDP、产业结构升级、城乡收入差距和城镇化水平的影响。研究结果表明:高铁的开通可以促进经济增长,提高地区人均GDP水平;高铁的开通对第三产业影响较小,对第二产业的影响大于对第三产业的影响;高铁的开通加速了生产要素在城乡之间的流动,缩小了城乡收入差距;高铁的开通疏散人口从经济发达地区流向经济欠发达地区,使城市布局更均衡合理;高铁的开通对经济的影响因粤桂地区经济发达程度不同而表现出差异。

关键词： circular economy   material productivity   multiple stakeholder collaborations   production function   recycling activity   recycling efficiency   sustainable supply networks   virgin material equivalence  

摘要： The circular economy (CE) is increasingly being seen as a way in which organizations and economies can become environmentally sustainable. In this context, a key challenge facing multiple-stakeholder collaborations in circular supply networks (CSNs) is the need to coordinate activities, as well as to monitor and benchmark sustainability performance. The limited formal analysis of CE production dynamics and performance indicators of activities in the CSN has contributed to these challenges. To address this we develop an economic model of material flow in a CSN that incorporates multiple stakeholder effects, and two novel performance indicators that: (i) estimate the joint effects of the speed of recycling, and the effectiveness of collection and conversion of recycled material on production;and (ii) a measure of the upper bound production possibilities for a given recyclable material cycling through a CSN. These indicators will be informative for monitoring, benchmarking and incentivizing performance across CSNs and informing public policy debates and strategies.

关键词： Behavioral Economics   Delay Discounting   College Student Heavy Drinking   Demand  

摘要： BackgroundHeavy drinking among college students is a significant public health concern that can lead to profound social and health consequences, including alcohol use disorder. Behavioral economics posits that low future orientation and high valuation of alcohol (alcohol demand) combined with deficits in alternative reinforcement increase the likelihood of alcohol misuse. Despite this, no study has examined the incremental utility of all 3 variables simultaneously in a comprehensive model. MethodsThis study uses structural equationmodeling to test the associations between behavioral economic variablesalcohol demand (latent), future orientation (measured with a delay discounting task and the Consideration of Future Consequences [CFC] scale), and proportionate substance-related reinforcementand alcohol consumption and problems among 393 heavy drinking college students. Two models are tested as follows: (i) an iteration of the reinforcer pathology model that includes an interaction between future orientation and alcohol demand;and (ii) an alternative model evaluating the interconnectedness of behavioral economic variables in predicting problematic alcohol use. ResultsThe interaction effects in Model 1 were nonsignificant. Model 2 suggests that greater alcohol demand and proportionate substance-related reinforcement are associated with greater alcohol consumption and problems. Furthermore, CFC was associated with alcohol-related problems and lower proportionate substance-related reinforcement but was not significantly associated with alcohol consumption or alcohol demand. Finally, greater proportionate substance-related reinforcement was associated with greater alcohol demand. ConclusionsOur results support the validity of the behavioral economic reinforcer pathology model as applied to young adult heavy drinking.

关键词： Religion   Regulation   Communism   Catholic church   Poland   Czechoslovakia  

摘要： This paper aims to explain the behavior of certain religious organizations in countries with severe regulation that limits the religious market, such as those under communist rule. Religious organizations in those countries sometimes choose to operate both legally and illegally. The model proposed here shows that such behavior may increase the consumer welfare of religionists compared to solely legal or illegal provision of religious services. It assumes that religious organizations maximize the consumer surplus of their adherents. The choice of a religious organization between legal and illegal provision of religious services depends on the costs of religious participation imposed by the government and the set-up costs of dual operation. As an illustration, the paper accounts for the different response of the Catholic Church to restrictions imposed by the communists in Poland and Czechoslovakia.

关键词： Asian value   Asian model   loyalty   guanxi   public-private partnership (PPP)  

摘要： Most Asian countries are experiencing escalating air pollution and other environmental challenges. Many political measures, such as regulations and promotional subsidies, have not proved effective or efficient due to a lack of governance. The reason for this may come from the historical and cultural background of government-led economies. Due to the top-down approach to sustainable development, most private sector companies, as well as the general population, do not participate voluntarily in meeting these new challenges. In order for these Asian countries to become leaders in the new global trend towards green growth, this paper examines the Asian values of guanxi to facilitate the interrelationship between public and private sectors, and proposes an Asian public-private partnership model with five structural principles, three functional propositions, and seven procedural factors. Using these governance elements, Asian governments should create, maintain, and utilize the progression of guanxi from acquaintance via trust to loyalty. Through this stepwise approach, Asian governments could construct an innovative virtuous circle to create value based on network management, which is the ultimate paradigm of sustainable development.

关键词： human cooperation   altruism behavior   indirect reciprocity   game  

摘要： There has been an urgent challenge for environmental protection due to issues like population increase, climate change, and pollution. To address this challenge, sustained human cooperation is critical. However, how cooperation in human beings evolves is one of the 125 most challenging scientific questions, as announced by Science in its 125th anniversary. In this paper, we contribute to answering this question by building an economic game model based on indirect reciprocity and altruism behavior. In our model, there are three types of participants: cooperator, defector, and discriminator. In every round of the game, the cooperator chooses cooperation, the defector chooses non-cooperation, and the choice of the discriminator depends on the choice of his partner in the last round. Our analysis and main result shows that there is no stable evolution equilibrium in this game, which implies that the proportions of different types of players will keep changing instead of reaching a stable equilibrium. In other words, there is no guarantee that cooperation will be dominant in this game. An implication of this result is that to achieve cooperation and protect the environment more effectively, cooperators and discriminators in our society should be provided with incentives.

关键词： 停车场规模   停车时长   车位数   成本收益比率   熵权系数法  

摘要： 近年来,高铁成为我国交通出行的主要方式之一,配套设施停车场的设计也成为了关注重点。通过停车场车位数设计和计费方式设计来对停车场的经济效益进行评价,成为需要考虑的重要问题。本文希望通过建立模型与数据分析对高铁站停车场规模评价、建立的停车泊位数、停车场投资运营的前期测算和运营管理具有较强的参考意义。

关键词： 宏观经济模型   市场需求量   航线规划   评估模型   可支配收入   数据缺失   影响因素   经济因素  

摘要： 航线市场需求量是航司航线规划决策的考虑重点,如何准确地预测需求量,是指导航司合理布局航线,保证其发展的先决条件.鉴于目前航线市场需求量的预测都是基于历史运营数据,无法对历史运营数据缺失的新开航线进行预测,本文经过对航线市场需求量的宏观影响因素进行分析,选取城市常住人口和城镇人均可支配收入作为影响航线市场需求量的主要宏观经济因素,结合航段距离建立航线市场需求量评估模型,模型拟合度为0.813,经过误差检验,平均相对误差为7.12%,证明模型有较好的可用性.

关键词： Endogenous preferences   Evolution   Coexistence   Bifurcation   Complex dynamics   Multistability  

摘要： We propose an exchange economy evolutionary model with discrete time, in which there are two groups of agents characterized by different structures of preferences. The share updating mechanism depends in a monotone manner on the goods' consumption, described in terms of the calorie intakes. In such framework we investigate the existence of equilibria, their stability and the occurrence of multistability phenomena via a qualitative bifurcation analysis, which also highlights the presence of transcritical bifurcations. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cloud computing   Cloud service providers   network service provider   competition   non-cooperative game  

摘要： Cloud computing has emerged as a new computing paradigm, with provisioning model generally consisting of cloud service providers (CSPs), network service providers (NSPs), and end users. The associated economics has opened up a new research area;and with the expansion of the cloud computing market, the relationship between CSPs and NSPs, is changing profoundly. In addition to providing the default network services, traditional NSPs, in attempt to compete with CSPs, have started offering cloud services to end users. Though much progress has been made toward addressing competitions among CSPs themselves or among NSPs themselves, few studies have focused on the competition between CSPs and NSPs. In this paper, we investigate the problem of insufficient studies on the competition between CSPs and NSPs by presenting a new economic model to characterize the competition between CSPs and NSPs, and by conducting thorough theoretical analysis as well as numeric experiments to validate the proposed model. We believe, based on results, that the proposed economic model is general and feasible, and thus is applicable to modeling the competition among service providers in cloud computing market.