关键词： 传统能源   风力发电   经济模型   经济性   浪费问题   能源建设   有效解  

摘要： 新能源建设能够有效解决传统能源污染浪费问题，只有全面提高经济性，才能成为有效能源。本文针对能源经济模型的风力发电经济性展开全面研究。

关键词： 重庆民用汽车拥有量   计量经济学模型   检验   预测  

摘要： 随着近年来重庆市轨道交通的不断优化、钢铁产量的下降以及与公路建设有关的政策调整,使得人们对重庆市民用汽车拥有量的关注度逐渐提高。通过选取重庆市人均GDP、重庆市钢材产量、趋势变量这几种指标,建立确切而详细合理的计量经济学模型的方法,采用2001-2016年中华人民共和国国家统计局公布的相关数据通过Eviews软件探求重庆市民用汽车拥有量和社会经济指标之间的函数关系,并建立计量经济学模型以及多种检验的具体过程,进而较为确切地对重庆市2017年民用汽车拥有量进行分析与预测。结果表明,重庆市2017年民用汽车拥有量在[4252939辆,5924219辆]区间内,新能源替代钢材的使用对于民用汽车拥有量而言影响最大。

关键词： 社会主义市场经济   中国共产党   图画   经济模型   WTO  

摘要： Back in 1992, when China announced that it would build a socialist market economy, a question was posed to a Chinese delegate： What is a socialist market economy？ I clearly remember this delegate replying that the socialist market economy is a market economy under the leadership of the Communist Party of China （CPC）. Twentysix years have passed since then and we have never changed our position. As for those who speculated that China would change and move onto a different path upon its accession to the WTO, that was just their wishful thinking. There is more than one market economy model in this world.

关键词： 货币政策有效性   微观机制   价格   货币策略   现代宏观经济学   经济现象   经济模型   实证分析  

摘要： 价格黏性属于现代宏观经济学领域中的一个重点问题。通常情况下，对于价格黏性的研究，需要借助更多的经济模型来帮助人们更好地认识与解读经济现象，通过一个微观机制下对价格黏性进行实证分析，从而完成对于经济问题的研究，评估经济政策。当然，价格黏性的微观机制研究也会对货币政策产生影响，赋予货币政策有效性以及前瞻性。

关键词： 期权价格   模型   衍生证券   偏微分方程  

摘要： 研究含期权因素下的经济模型,通过对模型的改进,利用偏微分方程对模型进行求解,得到改进后的Block-Scholes模型定价公式。

关键词： Process operational safety   Model predictive control   Control Lyapunov-barrier functions   Nonlinear systems   Chemical processes  

摘要： This work focuses on the design of a new class of economic model predictive control (EMPC) systems for nonlinear systems that address simultaneously the tasks of economic optimality, safety and closed-loop stability. This is accomplished by incorporating in the EMPC an economics-based cost function and Control Lyapunov-Barrier Function (CLBF)-based constraints that ensure that the closed-loop state does not enter unsafe sets and remains within a well-characterized set in the system state-space. The new class of CLBF-EMPC systems is demonstrated using a nonlinear chemical process example. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Marriage market   Gender   Adolescent development   Fertility   Dowry  

摘要： To explain female adolescent marriage patterns around the world, we develop a marriage market model with asymmetric information about prospective marriage partners, and a noisy signal about the bride's quality during an engagement. In equilibrium, there is a negative relationship between the age and perceived quality of women on the marriage market and, consistent with available evidence, older brides make higher net marriage payments. The model also implies path dependence in the evolution of adolescent marriage practices over time and persistent effects on marriage practices from transitory shocks. Model simulations show interventions which increase the opportunity cost of early marriage attenuates the association between bride quality and age, triggering a virtuous cycle of marriage postponement. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lexicographic optimization   Model predictive control   Multi-criterion control   Bioprocess  

摘要： This research paper presents an offline and online user defined priority driven multi-objective optimal control study of a bioprocess in a fed-batch reactor. Productivity and the amount of substrates used in the process are considered as the two control objectives in that order of priority for this purpose. The priorities in the objective functions are realized using the lexicographic approach by sequentially solving multiple objectives to arrive at a Pareto solution point. This approach is not sensitive to the tuning of weighting parameters as compared to the scalarized objective, practiced conventionally. The weighting factors tuning issue is demonstrated with an offline optimal control. The lexicographic optimization approach is then implemented to overcome this thing issue. Subsequently, the online optimal control problem is solved using economic model predictive control (EMPC) owing to the economic nature of the control objectives. Often, the Pareto curve is such that marginally relaxing one objective results into a significant improvement in the other objective. This can easily be implemented with the lexicographic approach and is demonstrated using EMPC. Moreover, unlike the continuous processes, the batch processes operate for a specific batch time. Hence, the shrinking horizon approach along with the EMPC framework is employed in the fed-batch bioreactor for online control with extended Kalman filter (EKF). (C) 2018 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： circular economy   indicator   negative externality   paper mill effluent   sustainability   technological nutrient   wastewater  

摘要： The optimization of water management in industrial processes is paramount in diminishing or mitigating, as far as possible, the negative externalities generated by its current use within the linear economy model. This research presents methods for the optimization of wastewater from paper mills which are associated with the new sustainability and circular economy model. In this way, the concept of circular economy was applied to the wastewater treatment from a paper mill, with the objective of recovering the resources contained in this type of effluent. The wastewater treatment plant is based on a biological reactor of activated sludge, and treats a flow of 4868 m(3)day(-1). This study proposes the development and evaluation of indicators of circular economy applied to wastewater from a paper mill, as well as the assessment of the removal performance of color, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are higher than 96% in all cases. Per 1 m(3) of wastewater from a paper mill, a volume of 0.9 m(3) of potentially reusable water and a recovered sludge mass of 0.7 kg are generated;the latter is reused as a mineral filler during the process itself. In light of this, a multivariable statistical analysis was applied to determine the relationship of the operation variables and indicators of circular economy. In this way, wastewater from the paper mill can be regarded as a technological nutrient, which is partially reintroduced into the production process, enabling the recovery of the water and mineral fillers that it contains.

关键词： Hydro-economic modeling   Water management   Water supply   Climate change   Everglades   South Florida  

摘要： South Florida's water infrastructure and ecosystems are under pressure from socio-economic growth. Understanding the region's water resources management tradeoffs is essential for developing effective adaptation strategies to cope with emerging challenges such as climate change and sea level rise, which are expected to affect many other regions in the future. We describe a network-based hydro-economic optimization model of the system to investigate the tradeoffs, incorporating the economic value of water in urban and agricultural sectors and economic damages due to urban flooding while also accounting for water supply to sustain fragile ecosystems such as the Everglades and coastal estuaries. Results illustrate that maintaining high reliability of urban water supply under scenarios of reduced water availability (i.e., drier climate conditions) may trigger economic losses to the Everglades Agricultural Area, which will likely become more vulnerable as competition over scarce water resources increases. More pronounced economic losses are expected in urban and agricultural areas when flows to the Everglades are prioritized. Flow targets for coastal estuaries are occasionally exceeded under optimal flow allocations to various demand nodes, indicating that additional storage may be needed to maintain the environmental integrity of the estuarine ecosystems. Wetter climate conditions, on the other hand, generally lead to increased flows throughout the system with positive effects on meeting water demands, although flood mitigation efforts will necessitate additional releases to the estuaries. Strengths and limitations of the hydro-economic model are discussed. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.