关键词： 罗默模型   经济增长   诺贝尔经济学奖   瑞典皇家科学院   斯坦福大学   经济学家   大学教授   经济模型  

摘要： 2018年10月8日，瑞典皇家科学院宣布将诺贝尔经济学奖授予两位经济学家，其中之一是斯坦福大学、纽约大学教授保罗·罗默（***）。对于理解人类经济增长而言，罗默的经济模型是一个具有里程碑意义的成果，获得诺贝尔奖可谓实至名归。

关键词： 区域金融   收敛性   空间效应   莫兰指数   空间计量经济模型  

摘要： 以莫兰指数的方式检验我国省和省之间经济发展的空间效应,发现我国距离近的省和省之间的经济发展水平相似。然后通过构建纳入空间效应的空间计量经济模型,实证分析我国省区间金融发展对区域经济增长收敛性的作用机理。结果表明:(1)邻近省区经济的互动发展显著地促进了省区间经济增长的收敛;(2)我国相对落后的省区存在着经济发展的"后发优势",区域金融的发展有利于增强省区间经济发展的互动程度,并逐渐缩小省区间的经济发展差距。

关键词： 经济模式   生产关系   经济模型   价值驱动   激励机制   激励方式   参与者   经济体  

摘要： 通证经济,顾名思义是一种经济模式,如果要用一句话来定义这种全新的经济模式,那就是:一种用激励机制来改变生产关系的价值驱动经济模型。通证被认为是未来主导社会的一种经济。通证经济的本质是要通过激励方式,来协调生产关系之间的组织形式,它可以让有钱的出钱、有力的出力,只要你做出了哪怕一丁点的贡献,那么你就会得到相对应的奖励以及权益凭证,这就可以极大地调动参与者的积极性和创造性,可以充分激发出经济体的活力与促进经济的增长,这样的经济模式,就称之为通证经济。

关键词： Hydro-economic model   Environmental flows   Ecosystem damages   Groundwater recharge   water budget   Groundwater management  

摘要： The protection of environmental flows, as a management objective for a regulating agency, needs to be consistent with the aquifer water balance and the degree of resource renewability. A stylized hydro-economic model is used where natural recharge, which sustains environmental flows, is considered both in the aquifer water budget and in the welfare function as ecosystem damage. Groundwater recharge and the associated natural drainage may be neglected for aquifers containing fossil water, where the groundwater is mined. However, when dealing with an aquifer that constitutes a renewable resource, for which recharge is not negligible, natural drainage should explicitly appear in the water budget. In doing so, the optimum path of net extraction rate does not necessarily converge to the recharge rate, but depends on the costs associated with ecosystem damages. The optimal paths and equilibrium values for the water volume and water extraction are analytically derived, and numerical simulations based on the Western La Mancha aquifer (southwest Spain) illustrate the theoretical results of the study.

关键词： circular economy   mining waste   sustainability  

摘要： This article discusses the main issues associated with waste from mining activity, which is the largest group of combined waste in Poland. A series of domestic and foreign solutions (practical and laboratory solutions) were indicated here, aimed at the management of waste in accordance with the tendency of circular economy (CE). In connection with the legislative changes, there is a need to resign from storage of the waste that is recyclable. The authors indicate mining waste as a potential for further studies, searching for solutions in regard to the use of waste as a raw material for sustainable, secondary use/reuse. Based on EUROSTAT data, the types of waste from mining and quarrying were grouped and the juxtaposition of all waste generated in Poland was implemented in the context of selected European economies. It was indicated which types of waste can be identified for reuse and management in accordance with CE. Rational management of mineral raw materials and therefore, maintaining of the level of extraction of domestic natural resources will contribute to maintaining not only energy independence, but also the leading position of Polish mining in the international aspect in the scope of extraction of metallic and rock raw materials. Mining waste can be and is reused in accordance with the concept of CE, which was showed through the example of domestic industry enterprises and their business models.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium   Engineering-economic integration   Impact assessment   Resilience   Tsunami  

摘要： The impact of a tsunami can vary greatly across short distances due to differences in topography, building structures, concentration of economic activities in the inundation zone, and economic linkages beyond the inundation zone. This study takes these factors into account in an analysis of a potential tsunami on the West Coast of the United States. An integrated engineering-economic model is proposed that uses detailed information on spatial heterogeneities in flood depth and economic activity by connecting engineering estimates of tax-lot physical damage with economic activity at the sector level. The performance of this new approach, in terms of estimated total losses and the distribution of impacts across sectors, is compared with two prominent alternatives.

关键词： 证劵投资   经济模型   研究  

ISBN: (纸本)9787562282693

摘要： 本书主要集中在对ACD模型理论问题的研究和实际应用两个方面。首先介绍了现存的各种ACD模型，提出了非中心化和中心化的ACD模型，并对其性质进行了讨论。然后，用ACD模型分析了国内证券市场的微观结构，介绍了波动率的各种非参数估计方法以及大样本性质；对波动率非参数核估计中的窗宽选择问题进行了深入的讨论，成功地解决了最优窗宽的确定问题；进一步考虑了瞬时波动率度量的相关问题；用ACD模型的最新扩展形式来分析波动数据。最后，是总结与未来研究的展望。

关键词： Age-structured models   Optimal harvesting   MSY   Stochastic fishery   Stochastic programming  

摘要： We develop the age-structured fishery model by including endogenous harvesting selectivity and stochastic recruitment, as a growing body of fishery ecological evidence suggests these factors to be critical for fisheries management. Optimal harvesting selectivity aims to direct fishing towards age classes that are preferable to catch given information on fish growth, natural mortality, and recruitment in addition to implications on harvesting cost. We analytically show that maximum sustainable yield (MSY) leads to potentially serious and previously unrecognized deviation from economic optimality, as it neglects the dependence of harvesting costs on gear selectivity. We further show that the steady-state population level may fall below the MSY population even with zero discounting and stock dependent harvesting costs. We quantify our results using empirical data for Baltic cod. Applying the age-structured model with endogenous harvesting selectivity, we find large differences between maximum sustainable yield and the economic optimum, although the classic biomass model suggests that these differences should be unimportant. Stochastic recruitment implies a threefold increase in young age classes, but the stochastic solution can be accurately approximated by the certainty equivalence principle. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： 区域技术创新   碳减排效应   宏观计量经济模型  

摘要： 构建了区域-宏观计量经济模型,将区域技术创新活动与国家宏观经济活动相联系,评估区域技术创新活动的宏观效应。研究发现:东、中、西部三大区域研发投入同等幅度的增加都会抑制二氧化碳排放量和二氧化碳强度的增加,都能促进经济增长、降低单位GDP能源消耗、抑制工业废水排放,但对工业固体废物和工业二氧化硫的抑制作用在后期才得以体现;八大区域中,除东北地区以外,研发投入的增加对碳排放的影响趋势与三大区域基本相似。要实现2015年巴黎世界气候大会上我国政府承诺的二氧化碳减排目标,情景分析表明:资源税相对于基准情景呈先降低后增加趋势,其中2028—2030年期间年均增加1.22%~1.61%;排污费则呈现先降低后增加的趋势。

关键词： 食用菌   空间布局   区域重心分析法   空间计量经济模型  

摘要： 我国是世界上最大的食用菌生产国,在近年来的发展中,我国的食用菌生产空间布局也进行着改变。基于2003—2015年我国各地区(省、市、区)的面板数据,运用区域重心分析法描绘并分析了我国食用菌生产空间的变迁轨迹,而后利用空间计量经济模型对影响食用菌生产转移的因素进行了模型估计。结果表明:食用菌生产的空间布局从我国中、东部地区向东北地区转移的迹象较为明显,而食用菌的生产整体呈现空间正向效应,即某一地区的食用菌生产会受到周边地区的正向影响。在所引入的变量中,木竹材产量占比、第一产业从业人员数量占比、农村居民人均纯收入对食用菌的生产集中度呈正相关,城镇居民人均可支配收入对其呈负相关。