关键词： 车辆队列   非线性模型预测控制   分布式控制   稳定性   燃油经济性  

摘要： 车辆队列正逐渐成为智能交通系统(Intelligent Transport System,ITS)的研究热点。在保证行驶安全的前提下,车辆队列通过主动减小安全车间距,可以减少车辆燃油消耗、增加道路吞吐量并降低交通事故率。目前,燃油经济性是车辆队列系统的重要指标,影响着车辆运行的经济成本。本文针对受扰动影响的车辆队列系统行驶燃油经济性控制问题,开展非线性系统鲁棒经济模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control,MPC)及其车辆队列系统分布式经济控制研究,这对车辆队列的发展有重要意义和经济价值。本文主要研究工作如下:(1)针对一类未知有界扰动的约束不确定性非线性系统,提出了一种能够保证系统关于扰动输入到状态稳定(Input-to-State Stability,ISS)的鲁棒经济MPC策略。通过引入一种基于Lyapunov函数的改进收缩约束,预测不确定性系统的名义状态,建立经济MPC最优控制问题。再利用鲁棒不变集和终端要素,建立经济MPC的递推可行性和ISS的充分条件,并仿真验证结果的正确性。(2)考虑车辆队列的燃油经济性控制问题,提出了一种非线性分布式经济MPC策略,用于解决受到安全约束的非线性车辆队列系统控制问题。先将车辆的油耗指标用于设计车辆队列的分布式经济MPC策略,再利用车辆跟踪性能保证车辆队列的稳定性和弦稳定性,进而将车辆队列的燃油经济性控制问题转化为分布式双层经济滚动时域优化控制问题。基于稳定性结果,新策略能够通过优化燃油经济目标函数降低系统的燃油消耗成本,同时使系统维持跟踪稳定性和弦稳定性。通过与传统车辆队列MPC策略仿真比较,验证结果的有效性。(3)针对受滚动摩擦阻力扰动影响下的车辆队列系统控制问题,提出了一种全新的非线性车辆队列分布式鲁棒经济MPC策略。该策略直接优化由车辆油耗标准构造的目标函数。利用车辆跟踪性能和阻力扰动上界构造鲁棒性收缩约束,用以保证车辆队列系统关于滚动摩擦阻力扰动ISS以及车辆队列跟踪稳定性。通过稳定性分析验证了提出控制策略下系统的性能,并通过仿真验证了新策略的有效性。

关键词： 文化经济模型   时间   社会合作行为机制   社会功能分化   文化经济总体  

摘要： 斯图亚特·坎宁安等人总结的四种文化经济模型影响广泛。模型来源于两个理论假设,雷蒙德·威廉斯的三种文化类型与文化在经济中的嵌入,两者都与时间有关:前者是在阶级斗争的推动下文化更迭在时间中的展开,后者是在技术驱动下经济一文化结构的演化。但阶级斗争作为外部因素的驱动逻辑最终又会回到经济决定论,技术驱动在此处又落入了网络(模型)本体论化的陷阱,都无法成为文化经济模型中时间问题背后的有效支撑。在承认社会演化的前提下,本文尝试以社会合作行为机制、社会功能分化与文化经济总体来对文化经济模式背后的时间问题做更有效的支撑。

关键词： 全球性金融危机   经济模型   欧洲人   美国人   制造   银行   市场  

摘要： 蓦然回首,欧债危机爆发迄今已经整整十年。很难用几千字的笔墨回顾如此错综复杂且持续长久的欧债危机,笔者在此仅回顾一点,即欧债危机十年期间美国人与欧洲人的比较。＂基于市场的经济模型＂与＂基于银行的经济模型＂首先,究其根,欧债危机依旧是＂美国人制造,欧洲人背锅＂。此类说法,其实不算新鲜,早年就有。为何＂美国人制造＂的、规模如此庞大的全球性金融危机,在欧洲范围内却让＂欧洲人背了锅＂。

关键词： 诺贝尔经济学奖   美国教授   瑞典皇家科学院   宏观经济模型   经济学家   气候变化   技术创新  

摘要： 10月8日,瑞典皇家科学院宣布,将2018年诺贝尔经济学奖授予威廉·诺德豪斯（William D. Nordhaus）和保罗·罗默（Paul M. Romer）两名美国经济学家,以表彰两人将技术创新和气候变化引入长期宏观经济模型分析框架所做出的贡献。

关键词： 经济体   经济模型   企业管理   体系重构   制度整合   企业破困  

摘要： 改革开放40年来,"经济体制度"经历了"混合所有制"到"一体化"的飞跃,"体"是企业确立自我判断的积极进取的义理诠释机制,是国家、集体以及企业的同构,经营管理与经济体就好比建构企业管理建模机制,因此,"经济体模型"应用于企业管理,确立了中国产业崛起策略,提出"经济体""发展带""共同体"制度命题。针对"企业管理经济体建模"可以破解企业管理发展策略及制度命题的难题。

关键词： Collective reputation   Enotourism   Wine  

摘要： This paper uses a theoretical model to analyze the interaction between general wine sales and enotourism since many wineries sell wine through wine tours as well as wine to non-tourists. We assume that consumers of wine tours, or enotourists, are wine connoisseurs whereas naive wine drinkers drive non-tourism sales. In our model, enotourists use wine tours to judge the quality of the wine, which forms a reputation that is then used by naive wine consumers. We show that wineries may want to decrease (increase) the price of wine via enotourism if their quality is higher (lower) than expected. We analyze this under both exogenous and endogenous quality. We also show that if wineries share a collective reputation, then minimum quality standards can benefit all wineries. © 2018 UniCeSV, University of Florence

关键词： Markov model   membranous nephropathy   nephrotic syndrome  

摘要： Background. Membranous nephropathy is among the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome worldwide, with a high healthcare burden. Treatment using the modified Ponticelli regimen (mPR) has remained the standard of care for decades, but newer therapies such as rituximab offer promising results with reduced side effects. The cost of this treatment, however, is perceived as a barrier to widespread use, especially in resource limited healthcare systems. Methods. We developed a decision-analytic model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of rituximab versus the mPR from the perspective of the National Health Service in the UK over a 1 year, 5 year and lifetime horizon. Primary outcome is the cost-effectiveness of rituximab versus mPR at 5 years post-treatment. Secondary outcomes are cost-effectiveness at 1 and 10 years post-treatment and over a lifetime. Results. At 1-year post-treatment, rituximab therapy dominates mPR. At 5 years post-treatment, rituximab therapy is cheaper than the Ponticelli regimen but at a loss of 0.014 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 95 pound 494.13. Over a lifetime, rituximab remains the cheaper option with an incremental cost of -5251.03 pound but with a reduced quality of life (incremental QALY of -0.512) giving an ICER of 10 pound 246.09. Conclusions. Our analysis indicates that rituximab has the potential to be a cost-effective treatment in the short and medium terms despite the high single-dose cost. This evaluation suggests that further research is warranted and highlights the need for a high-quality clinical trial to confirm the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of rituximab versus the current standard of care.

关键词： asymptotic stabilization   Lyapunov methods   nonlinear predictive control   optimal control   performance analysis  

摘要： In this paper, we propose the novel concept of "control storage function" and introduce upper and lower bounds to the best asymptotic average performance for nonlinear control systems based on suitable notions of dissipativity and controlled dissipativity. This allows to extend and unify the formulation and analysis of economic model predictive control for general optimal operation regimes, including, in particular, steady-state or periodic operation. A closed-loop economic performance and stability analysis are carried out within this generalized framework. As a special case, when the optimal operation is periodic, we present a new approach to formulate terminal cost functions. Finally, several examples and counterexamples are proposed and discussed to show the merits of the proposed approach.

关键词： Metapopulation dynamics   Pollution   Ramsey model   Hopf bifurcation  

摘要： In this paper, we aim to model the impact of human activities on the wildlife habitat in a general equilibrium framework by embedding the Levins model (1969) of metapopulation dynamics into a Ramsey model (1928) with a pollution externality. In the long run, as in Levins (1969), two steady states coexist: a zero one with mass extinction and another one with positive wildlife when the migration rate of the metapopulation exceeds the rate of extinction. A green tax always increases the wildlife and lowers the consumption demand. It is welfare improving if and only if agents overweight the wildlife. In the short run, we show that a sufficiently negative effect of wildlife habitat on consumption demand can lead to the emergence of a limit cycle near the positive steady state through a Hopf bifurcation. We show also that the negative pollution effect on wildlife habitat works as a destabilizing force in the economy by promoting limit cycles.

关键词： Economic frameworks   health professions tuition   interprofessional education   sustainability  

摘要： Limited information exists on funding models for interprofessional education (IPE) course delivery, even though potential savings from IPE could be gained in healthcare delivery efficiencies and patient safety. Unanticipated economic barriers to implementing an IPE curriculum across programs and schools in University settings can stymie or even end movement toward collaboration and sustainable culture change. Clarity among stakeholders, including institutional leadership, faculty, and students, is necessary to avoid confusion about IPE tuition costs and funds flow, given that IPE involves multiple schools and programs sharing space, time, faculty, and tuition dollars. In this paper, we consider three funding models for IPE: (a) Centralized (b) Blended, and (c) Decentralized. The strengths and challenges associated with each of these models are discussed. Beginning such a discussion will move us toward understanding the return on investment of IPE.