关键词： Outdoor recreation   Forecasting models   Economic models   Economic benefits   Recreation demand   Supply   Consumer surplus   Travel expenses   Socioeconomics  

摘要： The growth in outdoor recreation activity over the past decade, and the increased limitations on the supply of natural environments and facilities required as inputs to this activity, have precipitated growing concern on the part of planners and managers over the adequacy of recreational facilities. This paper reviews the major economic modeling approaches for forecasting recreation activity, and for measuring the benefits from it. These approaches are major considerations in decisions on the planning, provision, and management of recreation areas and facilities.

关键词： Linear programming   Economic models   Optimal solutions   Mathematical intervals   Economic value   Matrices   Investment horizon   Capital budgeting   Logical givens   Capital investments  

摘要： The paper derives explicit solutions for a class of linear (inequality) economic models heretofore treated by linear programming. The solutions are simple and the decision criteria given are easily interpreted. The explicit solutions may involve the inversion of a single matrix, but this is not necessary for the three applications in capital budgeting, production p%lanning, and input-output analy%sis given in the paper.

关键词： Asymptotic Behavior   Economic Model   Dynamic Economic Model  

摘要： Economic growth models have been extensively used by planners studying the urban environment. Urban economies change, and these changes must be studied, evaluated, and for many purposes, forecasted. The economic model most frequently used—economic base—focuses on demand elements. Supply factors, though not ignored, have been less thoroughly studied, and little effort has been made to include them in formal models, yet technological change and its impact on urban economic structures and interurban locational elements has made the study of demand factors alone an in-sufficient basis for the analysis of long-term growth in the urban economy. It is argued that the time has come for urban model builders to change their emphasis when the focus is on urban economic growth. Some aspects of the problems involved when attempts are made to fit supply factors into these analytic structures are discussed.

关键词： Equation System   Production Sector   Private Consumption   Final Demand   Indirect Taxis  

关键词： Business Cycle   Budget Constraint   Dynamic Theory   Single Product   Mathematical System  

摘要： This paper presents a dynamic theory of price, output, working capital and interest for the firm and industry. It yields many of the standard properties of the firm and industry at equilibrium, and in addition, a new microeconomic theory of growth, decay and business cycles. This is achieved by adding a working capital or budget constraint to the conventional atomistic single product firm and assuming a one period input-output lag. The theory leads to a simple but instructive example of a new mathematical system called recursive programming that represents ex ante optimizing while at the same time exhibiting ex post nonoptimality under certain conditions. © 1967 Physica-Verlag.

关键词： Asymptotic Behavior   Economic Model   Optimum Trajectory   Linear Economic Model  

关键词： 通货膨胀   勃罗   语言分析   哲学   社会科学   美国经济评论   报酬率   宏观经济模型   书刊  

摘要： 据美国《哲学与教育研究》(1965年春季号)的介绍说,勃罗纳教授写的《美国的教育理论》是一本值得注意的著作。他试图从历史的角度分析六种教育的传统,从而提出一种概念体系,并且通过这种体系发展作为学科或科学的未来教育的事实研究。勃罗纳一贯避免理论上的问题或者杜威所说的“生活的理想。”他所以能做到这一点是由于他紧密地坚持方法论的可靠根据,使他的研究脱离历史背景,并且很快地指出和否定不朝着正确方向进行的

关键词： 机能主义   人类学家   马克思辩证法   均衡模型   经济模型   理论综合   导向  

摘要： 机能主义(functionalism)和黑格尔-马克思辩证法各自强调社会现实两个根本方面的一面,因此是相互补充和可调和的。我的计划是依次考察机能主义和黑格尔-马克思辩证法的基本主张,说明每个理论作为完整社会模型的局限性,考察达林陀夫(Ralf Dah-rendorf)的一些重新陈述,最后通过保留和修正两种研究方法的要素来探索一个统—理论。

关键词： Travel time   Economic models   Waiting line problems   Cost estimates   Marginal costs   Travel expenses   Unit costs   Modeling   Population distributions  

摘要： Studies of industrial waiting line problems typically involve determining the proper balance between the amount of service and the amount of waiting for that service. This paper presents some basic results for the case where the study is to be based upon fundamental cost considerations and the assumption of an infinite calling population. Included are a number of economic models and accompanying procedures for determining the level of service which minimizes the total of the expected cost of service and the expected cost of waiting for that service.