关键词： Matlab软件   应用   经济管理   经济模型  

ISBN: (纸本)9787302545828

摘要： 《MATLAB基础及经济管理建模》从经济管理问题、数学模型构建、程序设计与实现、结果分析与理解四个方面设计教学案例。全书共19章，主要介绍数据文件读写、矩阵运算、二维图形绘制、选择控制语句、循环控制语句、函数的定义与调用、数据标准化与平滑、线性规划模型基础、其他线性规划案例、非线性规划、线性回归、盈亏平衡分析案例、聚类分析、判别分析、资金的时间价值与还款计划、净现值与投资决策、投资决策分析案例、有效前沿计算、综合实验等。《MATLAB基础及经济管理建模》内容难度适中、层次脉络清晰，案例、理论、实验安排得当，适用于高校非计算机专业、经济管理学科及数量分析相关专业本科生的基础教学，也可作为经济管理、金融相关领域的研究人员和从业人员的参考书。《MATLAB基础及经济管理建模》提供全套教学课件、数据和源代码，配套资源可登录清华大学出版社官网下载。

关键词： 国家   经济模型   国内生产总值   M2   一般均衡  

摘要： 广义货币M2的增长速度应和经济规模的发展(GDP)相适应,这是被普遍认可的。一直以来,学界没有找到一个M2和GDP指标的严格对应关系,中国的M2增长速度超过了其GDP增长速度,并且没有出现明显的通货膨胀现象,因此产生了许多解释。本文从我国的货币产生机制和货币市场流动的角度出发,按照住户、企业、政府、国外四部门和生产、分配、交换(消费)三环节(该三环节的统计正好对应GDP统计的生产法、收入法和支出法的计算方式)分类计算总量,可以建立包含三方面关系的国家经济模型,用以描述生产、分配、交换三种经济行为在市场经济中的均衡关系,从而发现M2数量和GDP严格的对应关系,证实在经济活动中存在广义货币数量和经济活动规模的一般均衡关系。

关键词： 变电设备   全寿命周期   技术经济   模型  

摘要： 提高变电一次设备全寿命周期内的经济效益具有重要意义。为此,文章提出了变电一次设备在全寿命周期内的成本模型和效益模型,并通过实际案例,分析了技术经济模型中的成本等年值、效益等年值和净年值等技术经济指标情况。

关键词： Smart grid   energy dispatch   model predictive control   economic model predictive control  

摘要： The problem of energy dispatch in heterogeneous complex systems such as smart grids cannot be efficiently addressed using classical control or ad hoc methods. This article discusses the application of economic model predictive control to the management of a smart micro-grid system connected to an electrical power grid. The considered system is composed of several subsystems, namely, some photovoltaic panels, a wind generator, a hydroelectric generator, a diesel generator, and some storage devices (batteries). The batteries are charged with the energy from the photovoltaic panels, wind and hydroelectric generators, and they are discharged whenever the generators produce less energy than needed. The subsystems are interconnected via a DC Bus, from which load demands are satisfied. Modeling smart grids components is based on the generalized flow-based networked systems paradigm, and assuming energy generators to be stable, load demands and energy prices are known. This study shows that economic model predictive control is economically superior to a two-layer hierarchical model predictive control.

关键词： asymptotic stability   dissipativity   economic model predictive control   time-varying systems   turnpike property  

摘要： We consider economic model predictive control (MPC) without terminal conditions for time-varying optimal control problems. Under appropriate conditions, we prove that MPC yields initial pieces of approximately infinite horizon optimal trajectories and that the optimal infinite horizon trajectory is practically asymptotically stable. The results are illustrated by numerical examples motivated by energy-efficient heating and cooling of a building.

关键词： behavioral weight management   cost-effectiveness analysis   health economic modeling   weight loss maintenance  

摘要： Objectives. There is limited evidence on the long-term effectiveness of behavioral weight management interventions, and thus, when conducting health economic modeling, assumptions are made about weight trajectories. The aims of this review were to examine these assumptions made about weight trajectories, the evidence sources used to justify them, and the impact of assumptions on estimated cost-effectiveness. Given the evidence that some psychosocial variables are associated with weight-loss trajectories, we also aimed to examine the extent to which psychosocial variables have been used to estimate weight trajectories and whether psychosocial variables were measured within cited evidence sources. Methods. A search of databases (Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, NHS Economic Evaluation, Embase, PSYCinfo, CINAHL, EconLit) was conducted using keywords related to overweight, weight management, and economic evaluation. Economic evaluations of weight management interventions that included modeling beyond trial data were included. Results. Within the 38 eligible articles, 6 types of assumptions were reported (weight loss maintained, weight loss regained immediately, linear weight regain, subgroup-specific trajectories, exponential decay of effect, maintenance followed by regain). Fifteen articles cited at least 1 evidence source to support the assumption reported. The assumption used affected the assessment of cost-effectiveness in 9 of the 19 studies that tested this in sensitivity analyses. None of the articles reported using psychosocial factors to estimate weight trajectories. However, psychosocial factors were measured in evidence sources cited by 11 health economic models. Conclusions. Given the range of weight trajectories reported and the potential impact on funding decisions, further research is warranted to investigate how psychosocial variables measured in trials can be used within health economic models to simulate heterogeneous weight trajectories and potentially impr

关键词： E-waste   Cell phones gold reserve   Sustainability benefits   System dynamics (SD)   Causal loop and stock and flow diagrams   Gold from E-waste  

摘要： Cell phones waste is the fastest growing electronics waste across the globe. Still in developing nations like India, most of this waste is routed to the unorganized sector causing irreparable damage to environment and health. This study has highlighted the economic, environmental and social benefits that India can gain by recycling the gold contained in discarded cell phones in an environmentally sound manner. In this work, system dynamics (SD) approach has been employed to develop a model of circular flow of gold in cell phones from manufacturing stage to recycling stage. Using the SD model developed, nine scenarios have been simulated and behavior trends of various variables under consideration are studied which provide very useful insights to facilitate policy decisions to promote cell phones recycling in India.

关键词： barrier functions   economic model predictive control   regularization  

摘要： In this article, we consider the use of barrier functions as a regularizing cost in economic model predictive control (EMPC). We focus on a specific variant, EMPC with generalized terminal constraints (G-EMPC), as it is suitable for tackling large-scale problems commonly arising in multiagent settings, which motivates our work. The benefits of using barrier functions are providing smoothing of the constrained problem, allowing the use of second-order methods and warm-starting, which reduces the iteration count significantly. Apart from these numerical benefits, recentered barrier functions can be used as a regularizing cost in the EMPC problem for enhancing closed-loop convergence properties. We show that in the case of G-EMPC, which allows the terminal state to be any equilibrium point, regularizing the problem provides (i) convergence of the predicted terminal state to a neighborhood of a globally optimal equilibrium point, (ii) asymptotic average performance guarantees for the closed-loop system, and (iii) empirical evidence of accelerated numerical solution of the optimal control problem. Specifically we use a proximal-like regularization, which penalizes the deviation from the previously predicted trajectories. We analyze system theoretic properties of the proposed scheme and provide simulation examples illustrating the numerical and system theoretical benefits of using barriers.

关键词： 微电网   经济模型预测控制   多目标优化   机会约束  

摘要： 传统的用于发电的能源都是不可再生的,每次使用都会让能源变得越来越少,从而引起全球性的能源危机,并且这种危机也越来越严重。另外,传统能源在使用过程中通常会排放出污染气体,这也使得生态环境变的越来越差。因此,人们开始探索使用清洁的可再生能源进行发电。生活中经常见到的可再生能源就是风能和太阳能。为了能更好的对它们进行管理利用,就产生了微电网。本文基于经济模型预测控制理论,重点研究了如何处理微电网中的不同新能源设备的综合经济性,实现经济优化。本文主要完成了以下几个方面的内容:首先,本文对微电网发电系统进行了深入的探索。微电网是一种新型电网,在一定程度上可以看做是传统大电网的微型版。但是,与大电网最为不同的是,微电网的发电能源通常是采用分布式的可再生能源。因此它在很大程度上缓解了能源危机,减小了对环境的污染。其次,本文提出将经济模型预测控制用于微电网的顶层控制。计算了微电网在经济优化调度下的各分布式电源的功率输出最优给定值。为配合经济模型预测控制的应用,建立了适用于经济模型预测控制算法的微电网离散状态空间模型。然后又建立了微电网经济调度优化模型。最后,由于微电网包含的风力发电机和光伏发电机都是利用间歇性能源发电的,它们的输出功率具有一定的波动性,给制定微电网的发电计划带来了很大的难度。所以本文进一步考虑了风速和光照强度的预测误差,将风力发电机和光伏发电机的输出功率波动转化为微电网系统的备用容量,将备用容量需要的经济成本加入微电网系统经济调度函数,构建了带有机会约束规划的微电网经济调度模型。然而,传统的机会约束在转化为确定性约束的过程中需要求解反函数,难度比较大。因此,本文使用序列运算理论,在不用求解反函数的情况下,把机会约束转化成了对应的确定性等价类,降低了计算难度。

关键词： 空间计量经济模型   空间异质性   物流产业集聚   东部沿海经济带   spatial econometric model   spatial heterogeneity   logistics industry gathering   eastern coastal economic belt  

摘要： 以2005-2017年我国东部沿海经济带113个地级市为研究对象，通过全局指数和局部空间自相关指数，对物流产业集聚的时空演变进行分析，在此基础上，引入空间计量经济模型，实证检验物流产业集聚的空间异质性及其影响因素。结果表明：物流产业集聚存在显著的空间相关性，且“高-高”集聚和“低-低”集聚显著；经济发展水平、对外开放程度、产业结构、城镇化水平、信息化水平和政府干预程度在当期模型和跨期模型中对物流产业集聚效应皆呈现显著正相关，交通基础设施在跨期模型中呈现不显著负相关，但随着时间推移，在当期模型中呈现显著正相关，而虚拟变量在当期模型和跨期模型中对物流产业集聚效应皆不显著。