关键词： 黄河流域   水资源   图形显示系统   经济模型  

摘要： 黄河流域水资源经济模型图形显示系统顾弼生（黄河水利委员会郑州４５０００３）王军良（黄委会勘测规划设计研究院郑州４５０００３）１系统开发目标及设计要求图形显示系统的开发目标，主要是将黄河流域水资源经济模型计算所得的各种物理量和经济指标在黄河流域地形图上...

关键词： 黄河流域   水资源   经济模型   数据库  

摘要： 黄河流域水资源经济模型研究项目专题简介王宝成，张会言（黄委会勘测规划设计研究院郑州４５０００３）黄河流域水资源经济模型研究项目涉及内容广泛，相关部门与学科较多，问题复杂。它与水土资源平衡、地区宏观经济发展乃至政策与市场变化都有密切联系。研究中不但要考...

关键词： 预算政策   财政赤字规模   宏观经济模型   国民经济   财政收支   货币政策   政府财政   传统预算   财政政策   宏观经济调控  

摘要： 论理想预算政策的性质万全一一般来说，根据由政府具体预算活动决定的各个年度财政收支关系（或收支差额）变化来判断，预算政策的基本性质可大致上划分为格守规则的预算政策、随意裁定的预算政策和审慎但有规则可循的预算政策。格守规则的预算政策，要求政府各年的财政预...

关键词： 本世纪   国内生产总值   次高速增长   黄金   通货膨胀   宏观经济政策   投入产出技术   计量经济方法   宏观经济模型   我国经济  

关键词： 金矿   采矿   成本核算  

关键词： MARKETING BOARDS   COFFEE   STABILIZATION   REDISTRIBUTION  

摘要： Domestic prices of export crops are important macroeconomic variables in primary-exporting countries. Not only are they key determinants of the business cycle, but also play a pivotal role in the resolution of distributive conflicts. Using a model where producers 'delegate' pricing decisions in a fully optimizing environment, this paper explores the relationship between the redistribution and stabilization functions of marketing boards. The results of the model, as well as the empirical evidence, suggest that different institutional arrangements are helpful in explaining differences in macroeconomic performance across countries. The analysis is carried out for coffee in Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire and Kenya.

关键词： DEVELOPING COUNTRY   ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY   TRADE  

摘要： In this paper, we pose the following question. Why is it that despite the universal recognition of the need for global environmental protection, developing countries have been lax in instituting stringent environmental regulations? Addressing this question from an economic standpoint, we show that there are plausible theoretical circumstances in which a large developing country can be worse off if it chooses to implement environmental policy in an uncoordinated fashion. The empirical dimension of this question is stressed and the key parameters - such as elasticities and marginal propensities to consume - which are germane to any policy discussion regarding this issue are identified. Second, we study - once again from the perspective of a large developing country - the possibility of using the domestic tax structure optimally to attain environmental policy objectives in a second-best environment. This scenario involves taxing pollution indirectly, by using product taxes. Finally, keeping the empirical dimension of the question in mind, we show how to compute optimal externality correcting taxes. These taxes are primarily a function of different kinds of elasticities.

关键词： PRODUCTION OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL  

摘要： Once a process is stabilized using control charts, it is necessary to determine whether this process is capable of producing the desired quality, as determined by the specifications, without the use of some additional inspection procedure such as 100 percent inspection or acceptance sampling. One common method of making this determination is the use of process capability ratios. However, this approach may lead to erroneous decisions due to the omission of economic information. This paper attempts to remedy this situation by developing economic models to examine the profitability of different inspection policies. These models employ the quadratic loss function to represent the economic cost of quality from external failures, which is commonly omitted or overlooked. Moreover, assuming a normal distribution for the quality characteristic allows the use of simplified formulas that are provided. Thus the calculations can be made using standard normal tables and a calculator. Additionally, these economic models may be used to determine if additional inspection procedures should be reinstated if the quality of the process was to decline, to make capital budgeting decisions involving new equipment that produces parts of a higher quality, and to determine the preferred 100 percent inspection plan or acceptance sampling plan.

关键词： 黄金时期   我国经济发展   经济增长   经济高速增长   预测报告   投资需求   消费需求   本世纪   宏观经济模型   发展趋势  

摘要： 国家统计局统计科学研究所的一项我国经济发展趋势预测报告显示,本世纪末最后7年,将是我国经济高速增长时间最长的一个时期。这项预测是根据该研究所编制的《中国宏观经济模型》做出的。该模型在几年的模拟运行中,取得了较好的效果。

关键词： 财政收入   经济模型   收入预测   发展模型   样本区间   修正因子   多元回归预测   民收入   年增长率   年平均增长率  

摘要： 财政预测,是社会主义市场经济条件下,制定财政政策的基础。财政预测包括财政收入预测和财政支出预测,财政收入预测又是财政预测的主要方面。财政收入预测,可以通过经济现象的相互作用从理论分析的角度,揭示财政收入的发展趋势,本文试图通过运用数据经济学的实证分析方法,揭示未来六年福建财政收入发展状况的几种可能性。 一、财政收入预测的基本条件 财政收入预测的基本条件包括1.各种经济变量的选择。2.统计资料样本区间选择。3.