关键词： 一般均衡理论   经济思想   安德鲁·马斯-科列尔   微分拓扑方法   经济模型   经济学家  

摘要： 一般均衡理论是人类经济思想宝库中最耀眼的成就之一，其精深思想与高超技巧令人惊叹。阿罗和德布鲁正是因为他们在一般均衡理论领域的重大贡献分别于1972年和1983年获得诺贝尔经济学奖。安德鲁·马斯一科列尔(Andreu Mas—Colell)在运用微分拓扑方法研究一般均衡理论以及具有无穷性质的一般均衡理论方面做出了突出的贡献。一般均衡理论博大精深，理解与研究一般均衡理论需要付出艰苦的努力。为了便于理解马斯-科列尔的贡献，我们先简单回顾一下一般均衡理论的发展历程。

关键词： HRD agency   opportunistic advocacy   political economy  

摘要： This article presents a conceptual framework for a political economy approach for studying the role of human resource development (HRD) leadership in organizations and understanding the linkage between an organization’s political-economic context and HRD programs and practice. This conceptual framework provides an integrative model for comparative analysis across organizations. It also brings the role of opportunistic advocacy to the forefront of discourse involving HRD practice. A political economy approach contextualizes the literature on performance improvement and emphasizes the role of HRD agency. This article provides a foundation for the conceptual framework, drawing on the seminal literature in strategy and organizational sociology. Examples of initial categories for a grounded theory of HRD from a political economy perspective are provided. © 2004, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

关键词： economic value   IT value   IT investments   consumer welfare   productivity   quality   economic modeling  

摘要： We use an economic model to formalize the complex relationships among IT investments, intermediate performance measures (e.g., product quality and output levels), and economic performance (e.g., productivity, profits, and consumer surplus). We demonstrate that a profit-maximizing monopolist invests in IT (modeled as changes in parametric characteristics of the firm) to design a better-quality product and charge a higher price. While this profit-maximizing adjustment generates more consumer surplus, it also increases production costs in a way that adversely affects productivity. In contrast, a simple model extension shows that when a firm is unwilling or unable to improve product quality, then IT investments result in suboptimal improvements in profits, an increase in consumer surplus, and an increase in productivity. Together, these models highlight the way in which product quality moderates the relationship between IT investments and economic performance. We also demonstrate that these relationships are robust to the socially optimal case in which a social planner chooses price and quality to maximize social welfare. In addition, we demonstrate that the results of the monopoly model hold when considering the design and development of products offered free of charge (e.g., free online content), but that provide indirect benefits to the firm (e.g., more advertising revenues).

关键词： MACHINING   PRODUCTION planning   MATHEMATICAL economics   MANUFACTURING processes   GEOMETRIC programming   FUZZY numbers   FUZZY mathematics  

摘要： Machining economics is an important function of the process planning activity for manufacturing products with high quality and low cost. The machining economics model usually contains a highly non-linear objective function and equations that could be formulated as a geometric programming problem. The paper develops a solution method for deriving the fuzzy objective value of the fuzzy machining economics problem when some of the parameters in the problem are fuzzy numbers. A pair of geometric programs is formulated to calculate the lower and upper bounds of the unit production cost at possibility level alpha. With the ability to calculate the fuzzy objective value developed, it might help lead to a more realistic modelling effort. The developed methodology can also be applied to other engineering design problems with fuzzy numbers.

关键词： 北京   奥林匹克运动会   投入产出模型   经济模型   资源模块  

摘要： 首都北京获得2008年奥林匹克运动会的举办权,对中国政治、经济、文化诸方面将产生深远影响,同时还将对首都经济产生聚集效应和拉动效应。本文充分运用投入产出分析的最新技术,进一步提出从定量方面研究北京奥运经济的方法,从而设计出北京奥运经济投入产出模型。

关键词： 高校   毕业生   就业竞争   经济模型   劳动力市场  

摘要： 在研究思路创新的基础上,本文初步建立了高校毕业生就业问题的成因解释经济模型并对应用这 一模型应该具备的三种意识“经济意识”、“条件意识”和“代价意识”进行了说明。

关键词： 实验经济学   经济模型   理性精神   脑科学   道德伦理  

摘要： The increasing body of literature in evolutionary psychology and neuroscience in the last ten years supports the following propositions:(1)There are much closer connections between rational choice and moral judgement than traditionally thought;(2)Such connections are formed during the long evolution of human society;(3)For human species the brain structure and the social structure are co\|evolutionary;(4)The psycho\|physiological foundation of moral judgement are “theory of mind” and social cognition;(5)The psycho\|physiological foundation of rational choice are episodic and semantic *** propositions have been explained in the so\|called the “third culture” rhetoric which differs from that of scientific(the first)culture and the humanity(the second)*** third culture is itself an interdisciplinary rhetoric and dialogue of logos.

关键词： 经济增长   影响因素   经济模型   贡献率  

摘要： 文章首先从理论上分析了影响中国经济增长的各种因素,然后设计一定的经济变量来反映这些因素的变化,再运用合适的经济计量模型来寻求这些变量与中国国民产出(GDP)的数量关系,并进行实证分析,测定各个影响因素对经济增长的贡献,最后根据分析的结果对中国的经济政策提出若干建议。

关键词： 生长模型   经济模型   计算   生长猪   采食量   经济增重  

摘要： 由采食量所得的经济增重是通过生长模型和经济模型计算来的。生长模型的内在含义就是线形高原模型,该模型的评价指数包括优质脂肪和优质蛋白质沉积的边缘比率(MR)、采食量的增加以及蛋白质的最大沉积量(pdmax),最佳采食量(FIo)是指能够满足最大蛋白质沉积量所消耗能量的最低采食量。不同给定的边缘比率对生产性能的影响进行了评价:采食量的增加将导致生长率高,边缘比率降低,对于给定的边缘比率,当采食量等于最佳采食量时,饲料报酬率是最低的;边缘比率和采食量都较低时,瘦肉率(LMP)是最大的;如果采食量较大,当采食量超过最佳采食量时,瘦肉率最低。相对于采食量、边缘比率和蛋白最大沉积率来说,经济增重依赖于采食量和最佳采食量的比例。相对于采食量而言,当采食量低于最佳采食量时经济增重呈正增长,当采食量高于最佳采食量时经济增重呈负增长。当采食量低于最佳采食量时边缘比率对经济增重只产生负效应。对于较低的边缘比率和采食量而言,采食量和边缘比率的经济增重较大。相反,由来源于经济模型的生长率和采食量所确定的经济增重只存在增重大小的差异而已,这些性状并没有表现出水平差异。经济模型表示的是对于固定的生长率和瘦肉率来说由于采食量的减少所获得的利润,所以该模型估算的采食量和经济增重总是负相关的,所以连续减少采食量的养猪方案就有些冒险。相比之下,为提高遗传进展而采用的生长模型则可以直接选择,可以为获得最大饲料利用率和最大瘦肉增长率而采取最佳采食量。总之,在养猪实践中为了更好地贯彻实施生长模型必须做好记录收集必要的数据。

关键词： ECONOMICS   GEOGRAPHY   URBAN economics   EARTH sciences   CENTRAL business districts   URBAN planning  

摘要： The coexistence of residential and agricultural activities within 'periurban belts' characterises many modern metropolitan areas. Unfortunately, few theoretical works in standard urban economics take this type of mixed space into account. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap: we present a residential location model (standard in urban economics) that is based on a support provided by fractal geography. More precisely, on the one hand, a Sierpinski carpet is used to render the nested hierarchies of the rural and urban sites within a metropolitan area. On the other hand, a household maximises, subject to a budget constraint, a Cobb - Douglas/constant elasticity of substitution (CES) utility function, wherein sub-CES functions portray the consumer's taste for variety in urban and rural amenities according to their hierarchical rank. As the household's optimum depends on accessibility to these various amenities, we propose a coding scheme of the sites on the Sierpinski carpet and a procedure for computing the distances between each site and each amenity. The urban equilibrium solution in the case of an open city is analytically determined. Numerical simulations are performed. They reveal the link between the rent gradient and the accessibility to the rural and urban amenities. In particular, we show that the rent is not always monotonous in distance from the origin (central business district) and that the structure of the fractal city is very different from that of the Thunian city when (1) commuting costs are low, (2) preferences for rural amenities are high, or (3) the substitutability of urban (rural) amenities is low.