关键词： 高质量发展   数字经济   耦合协调度   空间计量经济模型  

摘要： 随着我国经济转型升级,进一步促进经济高质量发展成为亟待探讨的问题。数字经济作为新一轮产业革命的起点,对高质量发展起到了重要作用。用熵值法对浙江省11个地级市2011—2018年的数字经济和高质量发展水平进行度量,分析了它们的耦合协调关系,并运用空间计量经济模型考察了数字经济对高质量发展的影响。结果表明:2011—2018年间浙江省数字经济和高质量发展水平均逐步提高,但11个市之间的发展水平和增速有明显差距;各地级市数字经济与高质量发展间存在一定耦合协调关系但仍需提高。在经济距离权重下,城市之间的高质量发展具有一定的空间自相关性。模型分析表明数字经济发展能显著促进当地高质量发展并具有空间溢出效应。

关键词： 直驱式波浪发电   永磁同步直线电机   经济模型预测   最大功率捕获  

摘要： 对于随机海浪环境下的最大功率捕获,现有控制方法没有考虑系统模型的非线性、损耗及物理约束等条件,基于经济模型预测控制,提出一种波浪发电系统功率优化方案。采用普罗尼线谱估计方法拟合海浪辐射力,基于水动力方程和电机状态方程建立波浪发电系统数学模型。在考虑电机功率损耗条件下,以最大波能捕获为经济指标,求解符合系统约束的最优电磁力。采用电流矢量和空间脉宽调制策略实现最大波能捕获控制。仿真结果表明,所提方案响应速度快,鲁棒性强,可使波浪能转换装置运行在合理范围,波浪能利用率提高,机体劳损减小。

关键词： 经济模型预测控制(EMPC)   约束非线性系统   安全控制   稳定性  

摘要： 考虑输入仿射非线性约束系统的安全与经济优化控制问题,提出一种约束非线性系统高效安全经济模型预测控制(SEMPC)策略。首先引入控制李雅普诺夫障碍函数(CLBF)概念,设计系统运行安全约束和参数化非线性局部控制律。为平衡SEMPC的在线计算量和经济优化性能,构造约束非线性系统的参数化双模模型预测控制(MPC)控制器,其中,控制器自由参数在系统状态进入终端域后在线优化确定。进一步,应用双模控制原理和控制李雅普诺夫函数性质,证明SEMPC策略的递推可行性和闭环系统的渐近稳定性。最后,通过对一连续搅拌釜反应器的安全、经济和稳定控制的仿真实验,验证了本文策略的有效性。

关键词： Braking   Roads   Fuels   Optimization   Trucks   Vehicles   Fuel consumption   Traffic   Highways   Trajectories (Physics)   Fuel efficiency   Control equipment   Dynamic models   Predictive control  

摘要： This paper introduces a hierarchical economic model predictive control (MPC) approach for maximizing the fuel economy of a heavy-duty truck, which simultaneously accounts for aggregate terrain changes that occur over very long length scales, fine terrain changes that occur over shorter length scales, and lead vehicle behavior that can vary over much shorter time/length scales. To accommodate such disparate time and length scales, the proposed approach uses a multilayer MPC approach wherein the upper-level MPC uses a long distance step, a long time-step, and coarse discretization to account for the slower changes in road grade, while the lower-level MPC uses a shorter time-step to account for fine variations in road grade and rapidly changing lead vehicle behavior. The benefit of this multirate, multiscale approach is that the lower-level MPC leverages the upper-level's sufficiently long look-ahead while allowing for safe vehicle following and adjustment to fine road grade variations. The proposed strategy has been evaluated over four real-world road profiles in both open-highway and traffic environments, using a medium-fidelity simulink model furnished by Volvo Group North America. Compared with a conventional cruise control system plus vehicle following controller as a baseline, results show 4-5% fuel savings in an open highway setting and 6-8% fuel savings in the presence of traffic, without compromising trip time.

关键词： 微观经济学   经济模型   宏观经济学   非经济学专业   尝试运用   诸多问题   兴趣  

摘要： 我们一直在尝试运用经济学破解现实世界中存在的诸多问题。高深与艰涩并不是经济学的本意,对于非经济学专业的读者而言,动辄经济模型与深奥推论让他们对经济学提不起太多兴趣,但是,无论是宏观经济学还是微观经济学,其本质都在于解决现实问题,只不过二者研究的重点不同而已。

关键词： Model predictive control  

摘要： In this paper, it is shown that a simple formulation of Economic Model Predictive Control can be used which possesses two features that are generally viewed as mutually exclusive, namely, a rather short prediction horizon (reachability-compatible) on one side, and the absence of final constraint on the other side. Practical stability at an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the optimal unknown steady-state pair is shown when some design parameters increase. It is also shown that when the system is originated from the time discretization of a continuous-time dynamics, the size of the terminal region can be reduced by decreasing the sampling period for the same design parameter setting. A commonly used example is given to illustrate the results. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Process design   Parenterals   Lot resizing   Decision-making   Mathematical model   Optimization  

摘要： Purpose Choosing the optimal lot size in drug manufacturing has critical implications for process scheduling and economic performance. There are no rigorous models addressing drug product manufacturing. This work offers a lot-sizing model to avoid empirical decisions for lot resizing at various drug lifecycle phases or for grassroot design of injectable drug product manufacturing. Methods An economic lot-sizing model for manufacturing injectables that included process-specific risks and aspects such as rates of defective products, quality control, and changeover operations was developed. Change-control costs for revalidation required by regulatory authorities in case of lot resizing were also considered. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine influential model parameters. Results Two case studies representing different drug profiles demonstrated the use of the method: (i) an inexpensive injectable filled in an ampule after patent expiry;(ii) a new, expensive injectable product filled in vials. Depending on the drug profile, the controlling factors were found to be different, e.g., overtime production scheduling in case (i) and defective product rates in case (ii). Conclusion This work highlighted the usefulness of model-based approaches for determining influential parameters, design tradeoffs, and improvement potential. The approach was demonstrated for retrofit and grassroot design cases in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

关键词： Economic model predictive control   Robust economic model predictive control   Optimization   Storage networks   Supply chain management   Inventory control  

摘要： A tube-based robust economic model predictive control scheme is proposed for sparse, linear storage network systems under bounded disturbances. We present a modeling framework that reflects conservation principles, and for which a centralized controller optimizes a performance metric for the entire network over a finite time horizon. Our main result is a computationally efficient projection-based approach that exploits the sparse structure of the system dynamics for tightening state and input constraints, in the meantime ensuring that average performance, recursive feasibility, and asymptotic stability of the system are maintained. An inventory control problem under demand uncertainty is presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed framework and benchmark against nominal economic model predictive control. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimisation techniques   Power system management, operation and economics   Distribution networks   Optimisation techniques   Optimal control  

摘要： Generally, the modern networked energy systems are constructed from some coupled sub-systems interconnected via their states and share their information through a communication network featuring time delays. This article suggests an efficient multi-agent based cooperative-distributed networked economic model predictive control scheme for energy consumption optimisation and reducing the cost of consumed electricity in network-based smart energy systems considering communication network delays. In this regard, a buffer-based moving horizon strategy with estimator is suggested to estimate the own states of every sub-system and the coupled states, that is, the states in which their information exchange among sub-systems and their values are not accessible due to communication time delays. Moreover, the boundedness of the estimation error as well as the stability of the closed-loop system are established. The usability and proficiency of the suggested scheme are proved by applying the developed approach on two case studies.

关键词： Economic model   Probabilistic approach   Sensitivity analysis   Plastic waste   Pyrolysis  

摘要： Pyrolysis of plastic waste has been studied for many years, but there are only a few commercial plants in the world. A probabilistic economic model was applied to a fuel-production business from plastic waste. Many parameters governing the business balance such as collection amount of plastic waste, oil yield and gate fee often fluctuate during a business period. The model parameters were determined from reports or interviews and assumed to fluctuate along the normal distribution, unlike fixed values of several sets of parameters in conventional case studies of economic feasibility. The probability of business success, Ps, was defined as the probability of a positive business balance. The total balance was calculated using 17 parameters, which were assumed to fluctuate randomly along the normal distribution for a business period of 20 years. The probability of success was obtained by the Monte Carlo method with 3000 calculations using the fluctuating parameters. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to measure the effect of each typical parameter on Ps. Among the parameters examined, gate fee is the most influential. The probability of success increased by 69% with a gate fee of 1.1-times the average and decreased by 28% with a gate fee of 0.9-times the average.