关键词： Winery wastes   Olive oil wastes   Circular economy   Rhamnolipids   Biosurfactants   Agricultural wastes  

摘要： Vineyard and olive farming are deeply rooted in the economy, culture, and even the welfare of Mediterranean countries. Although numerous approaches and methods were developed to valorize their agricultural residues, several challenges remain to overcome moving towards the Circular Economy (CE). Conventional treatments of winery and olive mill wastes are becoming increasingly expensive, demanding significant amounts of effort, resources, and energy for safe waste discharge. Therefore, the need to recycle, reuse, and recover energy and valuable biocompounds from the wastes of these two sectors become apparent. In the context of increasing waste production, climate change, coupled with dramatic rises in demand from a much larger global population and customers, CE offers the prospect of a better future. Microbes are able to produce diverse biosurfactants (BS) containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties that could interact with surfaces, lower surface and interfacial tensions, form micelles, and emulsify immiscible substances. Among several BS classes, rhamnolipids are glycolipids produced by some gram-negative bacteria with various potential applications in numerous fields, including bioremediation of contaminated soils. In contrast to several biosurfactants, this particular class of glycolipids is among the economically competitive biomolecules with its synthetic equivalents. For that, we highlighted the main opportunities, the challenges, and the future aspects towards the production of this particular type of glycolipids using winery and olive oil wastes. Therefore, we proposed the critical points that should be assumed through the path of successful strategies for rhamnolipid production using these two potential agricultural residues. This review might help at boosting the current attempts to find novel CE models. [GRAPHICS] .

关键词： Model predictive control  

摘要： Optimizing pump operations is a challenging task for real-time management of water distribution systems (WDS). With suitable pump scheduling, pumping costs can be significantly reduced. In this research, a novel economic model predictive control (EMPC) framework for real-time management of WDS is proposed. Optimal pump operations are selected based on predicted system behavior over a receding time horizon with the aim to minimize the total pumping energy cost. Time-varying electricity tariffs are considered while all the required water demands are satisfied. The novelty of this framework is to choose the number of pumps to operate in each pump station as decision variables in order to optimize the total pumping energy costs. By using integer programming, the proposed EMPC is applied to a benchmark case study, the Richmond Pruned network. The simulation with an EPANET hydraulic simulator is implemented. Moreover, a comparison of the results obtained using the proposed EMPC with those obtained using trigger-level control demonstrates significant economic benefits of the proposed EMPC. (C) 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.

关键词： 电热综合能源系统   随机经济模型预测控制   情景树结构   风电   非高斯分布模型  

摘要： 北方供暖地区存在大量热电联产机组,其“以热定电”的运行特性限制了机组调峰能力。同时,随着我国能源替代的提出以及风电的快速发展,建立包含风电的电热综合能源系统是降低电热耦合以及系统运行成本的重要手段。因此,建立电热综合能源系统模型,在满足用户电热负荷需求的基础上,综合考虑风电不确定性以及系统动态过程中的经济性,提出一种基于情景树结构的随机经济模型预测控制策略。为了降低风电功率随机性干扰和风电功率变化难以描述的问题,提出采用一种改进的非线性变换方法建立风电功率非高斯分布模型,在此基础上建立基于情景树结构的风电功率变化显式表达结构,在保证鲁棒性的同时降低了优化过程中风电随机性的干扰。最后,通过累计节约成本的复合单步增长率指标验证所提策略的有效性。

关键词： Ricardian analysis   Sustainable value   Climate change   Cross-sectional model   Externalities   Resources depletion  

摘要： Environmental effects and natural resources depletion associated with agriculture production affect the agriculture response to climate change. Traditional cross-sectional climate response models ignore this requirement. This research estimates the impact of climate on European agriculture using a continental scale Ricardian analysis. We correct farm income by accounting for resources (energy, fertilisers, pesticides, and water) use intensity and calculate the sustainable value for a sample of 9497 specialized field crop farms. Compared with the traditional Ricardian method, the marginal effects of temperature remain positive (but less positive) in Northern countries, while it leads to less damages in Southern countries when net revenue and farms? sustainable values are used as dependent variables. Accounting for the environmental effects and depletion of natural capital improves the ability of the Ricardian method to estimate agriculture climate response functions in the long run.

关键词： 计量经济学   经济案件侦查   EKOP模型   Benford-Logistic模型   k均值聚类  

摘要： 由于经济行业本身具有准入限制性和高收益性的特点,经济案件通常过程复杂、专业度高、发生隐蔽,犯罪分子大都具有极高的专业知识和丰富的从业经验.与其他犯罪相比其结构往往复杂多变、相关数据量庞大,侦查难度大、技术性强.利用计量经济学方法将数据相关关系的预测转化为经济案件因果关系可能性的推断,可以极大地降低经济案件的侦查成本,并对经济犯罪起到一定的预警作用,减少社会经济损失.本文将结合计量经济模型目前在经济案件侦破领域的应用,对计量经济学方法在侦破经济案件的适配性进行初步的探索.

关键词： 政策应对   经济模型   固本培元   货币政策   通胀   通货膨胀   环比   宏观审慎  

摘要： 后疫情时代,数据大部分失效.各种同比、环比计算方式和经济模型都不再适用,经济明显分化和拐点同时交错出现,对经济的判断和政策应对需要更多调研和智慧。未来经济增长仍具有较强的不确定性,对于通货膨胀也有不同判断。需要时间来固本培元、逐步化解。货币政策要综合运用好宏观审慎、总量政策和结构性政策,在保持定力的同时增强灵活性,为改革创造充分的空间,是比较合适的选择。

关键词： 计量经济学   经济案件侦查   EKOP模型   Benford-Logistic模型   k均值聚类  

摘要： 由于经济行业本身具有准入限制性和高收益性的特点,经济案件通常过程复杂、专业度高、发生隐蔽,犯罪分子大都具有极高的专业知识和丰富的从业经验。与其他犯罪相比其结构往往复杂多变、相关数据量庞大,侦查难度大、技术性强。利用计量经济学方法将数据相关关系的预测转化为经济案件因果关系可能性的推断,可以极大地降低经济案件的侦查成本,并对经济犯罪起到一定的预警作用,减少社会经济损失。本文将结合计量经济模型目前在经济案件侦破领域的应用,对计量经济学方法在侦破经济案件的适配性进行初步的探索。

关键词： First-principle modelling   WFGD   Economic model predictive control   Multi-objective optimization  

摘要： Control of wet limestone flue gas desulfurisation (WFGD) system is critical for pollution reduction of the coal-fired power plant. To fulfill the environmental requirements with the least cost, economic model predictive control (EMPC) is utilized in this paper to tackle the difficulties of WFGD, such as nonlinearity, couplings and trade-off between efficiency and safety. First, a comprehensive first-principle model is developed to describe the overall nonlinear characteristics of WFGD, with special considerations on Gas-to-liquid contact zone and slurry pool module. Second, four objectives are formulated to evaluate the economic criterion from different perspectives, including cost, safety, control efforts and performance. Utopia strategy, combined with NSGA-II, is used to solve the EMPC problem and obtain the Pareto front of the multi-objective optimization. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy is able to efficiently ensure the emission requirement and reduce the economic cost simultaneously, regardless of load disturbance, adjustment of emission lower limit and fluctuation of limestone market price. (c) 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Economics   Market opportunities   Electricy supply industry  

摘要： It is an open question whether or not the sharing economy model—utilizing unused for-profit private resources by sharing them for public use through a digital intermediary—could be adopted for public utility and service delivery in the developing world. This article addresses the question using the electric power sector in India as a case study. Six major components of the sharing economy are taken up for analysis: suppliers/service providers; infrastructure facilities; customers; public policy/regulations; platform; and pricing structure. This article discusses the status, challenges, and possible future directions.

关键词： Control system cybersecurity   Model predictive control   Data-driven models  

摘要： Safety-critical processes are becoming increasingly automated and connected. While automation can increase efficiency, it brings new challenges associated with guaranteeing safety in the presence of uncertainty especially in the presence of control system cyber-attacks. One of the challenges for developing control strategies with guaranteed safety and cybersecurity properties under sufficient conditions is the development of appropri-ate detection strategies that work with control laws to prevent undetected attacks that have immediate closed-loop stability consequences. Achieving this, in the presence of uncer-tainty brought about by plant/model mismatch and process dynamics that can change with time, requires a fundamental understanding of the characteristics of attacks that can be detected with reasonable detection mechanisms and characterizing and verifying system safety properties when cyberattacks and changing system behavior cannot be distinguished. Motivated by this, this paper discusses three cyberattack detection strategies for nonlinear processes whose dynamics change with time when these processes are operated under an optimization-based control strategy known as Lyapunov-based economic model predictive control (LEMPC) until the closed-loop state either leaves a characterizable region of state-space or an attack detection threshold related to state estimates or state predictions is exceeded. Following this, the closed-loop state is maintained within a larger region of oper-ation under an updated cyberattack detection strategy for a characterizable time period. A Taylor series-based model is used for making state predictions to allow theoretical guar-antees to be explicitly tied to the numerical approximation of the model used within the LEMPC. A process example illustrates the Taylor series-based model concept. (c) 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.