关键词： biodiversity conservation   ecological-economic modelling   environmental economics  

摘要： We evaluate how well environmental-economic models describe biodiversity loss and conservation issues. Four types of economic models turn out to dominate economic research into biodiversity conservation. For each of these, we assess the extent to which they integrate relevant ecological theories and indicators of biodiversity loss. A main conclusion is that models with more economic detail contain less detailed descriptions of the ecological dynamics of biodiversity change. We provide suggestions for improving economic models of biodiversity conservation and discuss the advantages of using less stylised representations of ecological processes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： DICE模型   离散时间   连续时间  

摘要： 本文从理论上对DICE模型进行了修正,作者试图将其从离散时间情景扩展到连续时间情景进行处理,且连续时间从理论上更符合模型的需要。

关键词： 经济模型   资源调度   网格  

摘要： 基于经济模型的网格资源调度算法是目前网格环境中非常重要的调度算法。介绍基于经济模型调度算法的基本思想和体系结构,对4种基于经济模型的调度算法做了详细的阐述,并在GridSim上的模拟结果做了分析与比较。

关键词： 外包战略   经济模型   利润效用   资源配置  

摘要： 业务外包是近年来国外企业改制理论中最有成效的方式,也是使企业发生根本变化的最重要动力之一,并成为降低成本,获取竞争优势的重要战略。本文通过业务外包的经济模型阐述了实施业务外包战略,不仅能提高双方的利润效用,还使资源得以有效配置。在此基础上,分析了业务外包对我国企业的影响。

关键词： 环境库兹涅茨曲线   计量   经济模型  

摘要： 环境与经济发展的关系由来已久,但对二者关系的深层次认识却是20世纪以来的事情。20世纪90年代初产生的环境库兹涅茨曲线,描述了环境污染程度与经济发展之间的关系。本文在此基础上借助Lotus软件,对西安市废气排放与经济发展之间的关系进行实证分析,结果显示:西安市废气排放与经济发展之间的关系呈现“三次曲线”的特征。

关键词： climate change   Simulation results   climate change   Handling (Psychology)   Claim   Uncertainty   flaws   Transparency   Social Welfare  

摘要： One of the main arguments brought forward in favour of the continued use of simple climate-economy models is their transparency, which should enable researchers to easily interpret the simulation results and adapt the model to their specific research interests. We investigate the degree to which this claim is supported in the case of the DICE model but most of our findings are relevant for other welfare-optimizing climate-economy models as well. Specifically, this paper reviews the handling of time discounting in social welfare functions, the combination of different social welfare functions in an analysis, the calibration of uncertain climate parameters, the representation of uncertainty about future climate change, and the evolution of carbon abatement costs over time. We find that each of these aspects has been treated inconsistently in the past, and that these inconsistencies can strongly affect the results of several previous studies. We discuss the methodological questions raised by some of these problems and make specific recommendations how to avoid the problems identified here in future analyses.

关键词： Energy efficiency  

摘要： Energy security, local air pollution and GHG emissions are three key challenges facing China's decision-makers. In this study, we first applied CIMS, a hybrid (bottom-up/top-down) energy-economy model, to test how different policy packages could be designed to alleviate China's energy and environment challenges. Secondly, we compared the marginal abatement cost curve of this study with those of other analysts, and found that modeling methodology differences had significant impacts on cost estimates of GHG emission abatement. Finally, we derived the long-run autonomous energy efficiency indices (AEEIs) and elasticity of substitution (ESUB) values for China, and found that the aggregate Chinese AEEIs are somewhere between top-down and bottom-up estimates in the literature. Moreover, because the simulated ESUBs and AEEIs differ from one sector to another, this suggests that aggregated models with economy-wide values for these parameters may be unhelpful to policy-makers seeking to explore the effects of structural evolution on energy demand and emissions. © 2007 International Energy Initiative, Inc.

关键词： economic development   dual economy models   development methodology   marketable surplus   open system   closed system  

摘要： This paper argues that Arthur Lewis originally presented the problem of economic development in terms of an open system, in the sense that it focused on a number of possible pitfalls and socio-economic constraints in the process of capital accumulation and industrialization in a labour-surplus economy. In the hands of the neoclassical economists, who were predominantly interested in achieving deterministic equilibrium results by introducing strict assumptions, the theoretical system later became closed - something Lewis never intended.

关键词： 石油资源   供求缺口   经济模型   均衡  

摘要： 石油资源现在越来越成为我国国民经济发展的重要基础。在国内石油资源需求日益增长下,本文选题及探讨具有积极理论和实践意义。本文首先从我国石油资源供求现状着手,建立了基于封闭——开放经济条件下的石油资源供求模型,然后从经济学角度分析和解释了我国石油资源供求缺口,最后提出促使石油资源供求趋于均衡的措施。

关键词： 农户经济模型   演变与发展   研究方向   微观经济学  

摘要： 农户经济行为研究是微观经济学研究中的一个重要领域。本文从农户模型的可分性、农户家庭效用函数的性质以及模型的检验三个方面阐述了农户经济模型的演变和发展。在此基础上，文章进一步介绍农户经济模型的新近发展和应用，并指出农户经济模型进一步研究的方向在于：深入分析农户家庭内部成员之间的动态关系，发展农户经济模型的检验方法，研究政府政策和农户行为的互动关系。