关键词： 城市垃圾处理   经济模型   收费模式   城市生活垃圾   垃圾处理设施   资源化处理   不完全   垃圾量  

摘要： 据不完全统计，目前我国城市生活垃圾年清运量达1．7亿t，且每年以8％～10％的速度增长，远高于世界3％～4％的平均水平。在垃圾量快速增加的同时，垃圾处理设施的建设却进展缓慢，造成目前我国城市垃圾处理率仅为50％，而真正达到无害化和资源化处理标准的比例不足10％，与我国建设和谐社会的要求相距甚远。

关键词： 司法调解   经济模型   作用分析  

摘要： 本文通过建立经济模型分析我国的司法调解制度:一是当事人模型,这个模型可以展现当事人诉讼行为决定及各种因素;二是主持人模型,这个模型可以展现调解主持人动因等因素。经济分析可为我们的法学研究、司法实践提供一种思维的进路,更好地发挥司法调解制度社会法律工具作用。

关键词： 生态经济平衡   竞争   生态效应   经济效应   最优化原理  

摘要： 建立了具有竞争关系的2资源种群开发与管理的生态经济模型,给出了开发多种资源种群时应遵循的基本原则,详细地说明了该模型所隐含的生态经济意义.认为要使相互竞争的多个种群能够共存,就必须以适当的力度开发资源种群,且这种开发力度要取决于种群的生态学特征.

关键词： 高管薪酬   公司治理  

摘要： 本文研究了1985-1995年间,FT-SE(英国金融时报——证券交易所100股指数)350家公司最高收入管理人员的薪酬与公司绩效之间的关系。计量经济结果表明,高管薪酬与股东总收益(total shareholder return,TSR)而并非与每股收益(earning per share,EPS)正相关。薪酬方程的计量经济解释对确立薪酬-绩效关系的帮助不大,正如其他英国学者的研究一样,管理者的工资主要取决于公司的发展情况以及先前管理者的工资。

关键词： 可持续发展   真实储蓄   经济模型  

摘要： 本文在传统的城市宏观经济运行过程模型的基础上,将世界银行所提出的真实储蓄加以修正,并引入到城市经济运行模式中,其中既考虑了人口(人口的增长)、经济(国内生产总值的增长速度)因素,又考虑到了社会因素(国内生产总值中的经常性教育投资和科研经费留存)、环境(大气、水环境污染)及资源(矿产)等因素,提出了城市可持续发展能力环境影响评价经济模型,并以此为基础分析了西安市的可持续发展能力。

关键词： BEHAVIOR   ECONOMICS -- Statistical methods   CYCLES   FUNCTIONS of bounded variation  

摘要： The objective of this paper is to investigate some qualitative behavior of the solutions of an economic model. This is accomplished by studying a higher order difference equation where we establish some results about the boundedness, the periodicity, and the global attractivity of the solutions of this higher order difference equation and then apply the obtained results to give a complete description of global stability and the periodic character of the solutions of the model. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 计量模型   设定  

摘要： 本文从几个不同的角度,讨论了计量模型的设定问题。首先分析了变量的选择对模型的影响。然后,从模型的估计、用途、识别等方面进一步研究了模型的设定。此外还讨论了模型设定的结构问题。

关键词： Peptic Ulcer   Celecoxib   Dyspepsia   Nonulcer Dyspepsia   Analytic Horizon  

摘要： Background: Previous evaluations of the cost-effectiveness of the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex, Pfizer Inc, USA) have produced conflicting results. The recent controversy over the cardiovascular (CV) risks of rofecoxib and other coxibs has renewed interest in the economic profile of celecoxib, the only coxib now available in the United States. The objective of our study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of celecoxib compared with nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs) in a population of 60-year-old osteoarthritis (OA) patients with average risks of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) complications who require chronic daily NSAID therapy. Methods: We used decision analysis based on data from the literature to evaluate cost-effectiveness from a modified societal perspective over patients' lifetimes, with outcomes expressed as incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the impacts of advancing age, CV thromboembolic event risk, different analytic horizons and alternate treatment strategies after UGI adverse events. Results: Our main findings were: 1) the base model incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for celecoxib versus nsNSAIDs was $31,097 per QALY;2) the ICER per QALY was $19,309 for a model in which UGI ulcer and ulcer complication event risks increased with advancing age;3) the ICER per QALY was $17,120 in sensitivity analyses combining serious CV thromboembolic event (myocardial infarction, stroke, CV death) risks with base model assumptions. Conclusion: Our model suggests that chronic celecoxib is cost-effective versus nsNSAIDs in a population of 60-year-old OA patients with average risks of UGI events.

关键词： 经济模型   品位   铁精矿   经济效益最大化   行业经济效益   精益生产   预算管理   管理知识  

摘要： 目前矿山行业经济效益正处于几十年较好的一个时期，开展经济输出品位的研究，对精益生产，预算管理有着具体的指导意义。通过对品位波动影响各要素的分析，结合选矿工艺和财务管理知识，寻找相互关系，建立模型，通过数学求导求得最佳解，可以引导企业获得经济效益最大化。本文结合梅山铁矿的情况，就模型的建立、关键系数的选取、最优值的求解及应当注意的问题加以探讨。

摘要： The authors examine the relationship between changes in short-term interest rates induced by monetary policy and the yields on long-maturity default-free bonds. The volatility of the long end of the term structure and its relationship with monetary policy are puzzling from the perspective of simple structural macroeconomic models. The authors explore whether richer models of risk premiums, specifically stochastic volatility models combined with Epstein-Zin recursive utility, can account for such patterns. They study the properties of the yield curve when inflation is an exogenous process and compare this with the yield curve when inflation is endogenous and determined through an interest rate (Taylor) rule. When inflation is exogenous, it is difficult to match the shape of the historical average yield curve. Capturing its upward slope is especially difficult because the nominal pricing kernel with exogenous inflation does not exhibit any negative autocorrelation-a necessary condition for an upward-sloping yield curve, as shown in Backus and Zin. Endogenizing inflation provides a substantially better fit of the historical yield curve because the Taylor rule provides additional flexibility in introducing negative autocorrelation into the nominal pricing kernel. Additionally, endogenous inflation provides for a flatter term structure of yield volatilities, which better fits historical bond data.