关键词： 政府支出   国内生产总值   社会投资   居民消费  

摘要： 建立一个能反映政俯支出与国内生产总值、社会投资及居民消费的计量经济联立方程模型,对模型进行了历史模拟和事后预测,进而分析政府支出的变化对国内生产总值、社会投资、居民消费的影响程度。

关键词： carbon dioxide   pipeline transportation   carbon capture and storage   carbon sequestration  

摘要： Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) involves the capture of CO2 at a large industrial facility, such as a power plant, and its transport to a geological (or other) storage site where CO2 is sequestered. Previous work has identified pipeline transport of liquid CO2 as the most economical method of transport for large volumes of CO2. However, there is little published work on the economics of CO2 pipeline transport. The objective of this paper is to estimate total cost and the cost per tonne of transporting varying amounts of CO2 over a range of distances for different regions of the continental United States. An engineering-economic model of pipeline CO2 transport is developed for this purpose. The model incorporates a probabilistic analysis capability that can be used to quantify the sensitivity of transport cost to variability and uncertainty in the model input parameters. The results of a case study show a pipeline cost of US$ 1.16 per tonne of CO2 transported for a 100 km pipeline constructed in the Midwest handling 5 million tonnes of CO2 per year (the approximate output of an 800 MW coal-fired power plant with carbon capture). For the same set of assumptions, the cost of transport is US$ 0.39 per tonne lower in the Central US and US$ 0.20 per tonne higher in the Northeast US. Costs are sensitive to the design capacity of the pipeline and the pipeline length. For example, decreasing the design capacity of the Midwest US pipeline to 2 million tonnes per year increases the cost to US$ 2.23 per tonne of CO2 for a 100 km pipeline, and US$ 4.06 per tonne CO2 for a 200 km pipeline. An illustrative probabilistic analysis assigns uncertainty distributions to the pipeline capacity factor, pipeline inlet pressure, capital recovery factor, annual O&M cost, and escalation factors for capital cost components. The result indicates a 90% probability that the cost per tonne of CO2 is between US$ 1.03 and US$ 2.63 per tonne of CO2 transported in the Midwest US. In this case

关键词： 网格资源管理   经济模型   连续双向拍卖机制  

摘要： 网格的目标是使得人们能够利用地理上分散于各处的资源，完成各种大规模的、复杂的计算和数据处理任务。资源的有效管理是网格能够提供可靠服务的基础，然而网格资源的动态性、异构性、自主性使得这个问题一直没有得到很好的解决，依然是网格研究的一个热点。\n 经济方法是资源配置的有效方法之一，是解决多个自利个体之间资源配置的有效的、简单的方法，在现实生活中已有诸多应用。本文对经济模型进行了较为深入的研究，分析了将经济学应用于网格的优点，给出了基于经济模型的网格资源管理系统需要具备的功能，分析了各种经济模型适合的网格环境。\n 论文首先介绍了网格概念、网格发展趋势：接着介绍了网格中资源的特点、网格资源的描述语言、网格资源管理模型；进而总结分析了各种经济模型适合的网格环境，提出一种基于连续双向拍卖(CDA)机制的网格资源管理方法，分析了在该方法中使用的市场定价方法以及各个代理的定价方法，并且改进了CDA的匹配方式，使之更适合网格环境;并对两种匹配方式做了仿真及结果分析。最后，对基于经济学的网格资源管理方法的研究做了总结与展望。

关键词： 宏观经济问题   模型技术   经济运行情况   建模技术   经济模型   经济理论   技术创新   经验  

摘要： 经济模型在研究宏观经济问题中具有重要的、不可替代的作用。在建模过程中，依据经济理论、实际经济运行情况，以及研究经验，在选择变量后模型技术创新就成为一个关键的问题，这也是十分困难的问题。正因为如此，许多学者投入大量精力潜心研究，发展了建模技术，取得了丰富的成果。

关键词： 二元经济   剩余劳动力   农业生产   总需求  

摘要： 本文就刘易斯二元经济模型进行考察,分析其理论中的缺陷。刘易斯的二元经济模型通过对农村剩余劳动力及剩余劳动力从农业部门向城市工业部门的流动进行分析,较好地解释了发展中国家二元经济结构的表现形式和特征,并提出了相应的解决思路。但是,这个模型不仅有一些理论和现实相悖,同时也忽视了农业部门的生产对经济发展的重要性以及只注重对供给方面的分析而缺少对总需求方面分析。

关键词： sheep farming   stage model   investment problem  

摘要： A model analyzing the economics of sheep farming is formulated. The basic idea is simple. Sheep are capital and they are held by farmers as long as their capital value exceeds their slaughter, or meat, value. Farmers are therefore portfolio managers aiming to find the optimal combination of different categories of animals. Yields are compared with the yields from other assets. The model is formulated within a Northern Scandinavian economic and biological setting with a crucial distinction between the outdoors grazing season and the indoors season, and with adult sheep and lambs being different categories. In the first step, the management problem is analyzed with only the meat income of the farmers taken into account. In the next step, income from wool production is considered as well. The analysis provides several results that differ from standard harvesting theory.

关键词： fair use   copyright law  

摘要： We provide a correct analysis of Miceli and Adelstein [Miceli, T., Adelstein, R., 2006. An economic model of fair use. Information Economics and Policy 18, 359-373.], which studies the doctrine of fair use in copyright. We show that the optimal fair use standard is high enough to allow extensive copying in their model. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： content distribution networks   software agents   GRID   economics   resource sharing  

摘要： This paper presents an architecture to federate Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) in order to share computational resources, thus building an infrastructure that we call a Content Distribution Grid (CDG). The purpose of a CDG is to use a community policy allowing each CDN to put together a portion of its own resources to meet each other's requirements, and therefore to guarantee a stronger quality of service to users. Since CDNs of a CDG belong to different organisations, the interaction scenario can be considered competitive, that is, organizations are mainly self-interested and are aiming at maximizing the performances of its own system. For this reason, the resource sharing policy proposed here is based on a offer/demand competitive model, in which resources are purchased by paying for them a certain amount of (virtual or real) money. An economic model is thus derived to guide such a sale;here the CDN requesting resources (buyer) and the CDN offering resources (seller) agree on the quantity and the price by means of a utility-based negotiation approach. A multi-agent system is then proposed to realise the software architecture supporting this model of CDG. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 航运联盟   古诺模型   航运兼并   施塔克尔贝格模型  

摘要： 运用经济模型——古诺模型和施塔克尔贝格模型,从运量与利润驱动的视角分别解释了国际航运企业组建战略联盟,以及再由航运联盟发展为航运兼并的演进轨迹。

关键词： 宏观经济模型   南洋理工大学   厦门大学   经济形势   数据发布   发布会  

摘要： 2月25日，厦门大学与新加坡南洋理工大学联合在北京举行中国季度宏观经济模型（CQMM）2008年舂季预测发布会，公布对中国2008年至2009年共八个季度的宏观经济主要指标的预测，并对当前经济形势进行评价和展望。这是CQMM自2006年7月投入运行以来的第四次预测数据发布。