关键词： 人力资本   人均产出   实物资本   经济增长模型   经济模型   资本存量   物质资本  

摘要： 　　一、引言 　　在经济全球化不断深入的今天,国际人才市场已经基本形成,人力资本的国际流动不可避免,从当今世界的人才的流向来看,大多是从发展中国家流向发达国家,发展中国家人才流失已经成为一个世界性的难题,对人才流失的利弊得失,许多经济学家有不同的看法,这之间之所以存在较大的分歧,主要是因为对人才外流的损失缺乏一个准确的度量和分析,这里借用新经济增长理论模型.在新古典增长模型中引入人力资本变量和移民静流出量等变量,采用比较静态的分析方法,计量人才外流的经济损失.……

关键词： 技术发展战略   联立方程模型   宏观经济模型  

摘要： 创新投入在宏观经济中有其内在的联系机制,具有一定的比例关系;大中型工业企业创新投入对GDP的影响依次为:技术改造投入、R&D投入、国内技术购买及国外技术引进。就目前中国工业技术基础而言,我们应将技术引进同现有的自主创新能力和技术改造能力结合起来,加强技术改造投资,引导技术改造和技术创新相互促进,通过改造对现有技术进行二次创新和利用,加快创新型国家技术体系的建设。

关键词： 网格经济模型   微分方程   调度算法   信任  

摘要： 在Buyya设计的GRACE网格资源管理框架下,提出反映信任值动态变化规律的信任函数,在此基础上建立基于行为的网格信任机制。根据应用环境的不同需求,对网格经济模型DBC调度算法进行改进,分别提出了以时间优化、成本优化和时间—成本折中优化为目标的基于信任的DBC调度算法(Trust DBC)。理论分析及模拟实验结果表明,该算法性能明显优于相应的未考虑信任的调度算法。

关键词： 二元经济理论   二元经济结构转换   土地要素   土地制度  

摘要： 刘易斯二元经济理论因揭示了资本形成的源泉而成为发展经济学的奠基性理论,但因其忽略了二元结构转换中的土地、技术、制度安排等要素以及不同发展中国家的国情而使其普适性大打折扣。在中国二元经济结构转换过程中,农村的劳动力和土地则同时向现代部门转移。据此,构建一个包含了土地要素流动的二元经济模型,可以得到两点重要的政策启示:第一,不能简单地寄希望于市场来改变"三农"的窘况,而应该借助市场经济以外的力量(如惠农的制度供给)来协同解决"三农"问题;第二,现行土地制度强化了土地要素配置的二元结构,实质上提高了土地要素流向现代部门的交易成本。

关键词： DSGE   VAR   VECM   open economy   Bayesian inference  

摘要： This paper estimates and tests a new Keynesian small open economy model in the tradition of Christiano et al. [2005. Nominal rigidities and the dynamic effects of a shock to monetary Policy. Journal of Political Economy 113(1). 1-45] and Smets and Wouters [2003. An estimated stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model of the Euro area. Journal of the European Economic Association 1(5). 1123-1175] Using Bayesian estimation techniques On Swedish data. To account for the switch to in inflation targeting regime in 1993 we allow for a discrete break in the central bank's instrument rule. A key equation in the model - the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) condition - is well known to be rejected empirically. Therefore we explore the consequences of modifying, the UIP condition to allow for a negative correlation between the risk premium and the expected change in the nominal exchange rate. The results show that the modification increases the persistence in the real exchange rate and that this model has in empirical advantage compared with the standard UIP specification. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： market structure   R&D   economic growth  

摘要： This paper develops a dual economy endogenous growth model to consider the effects of market structure and innovation on the rate of growth of an economy. There is an innovative goods sector where firms consistently invest in research and development to produce new products within a framework of monopolistic competition. Firms in the traditional goods sector produce a homogenous good, compete in a form of oligopoly (quantity competition), and seek to reduce their production costs. It is shown that growth is increasing in the market power that firms in the innovative goods sector obtain but decreasing in the equilibrium number of firms in the traditional goods sector.

关键词： Dynamical system   Exact state linearization method   Modified state linearization method   Nonlinear control law   Numerical simulation  

摘要： The paper presents a non-conventional control engineering strategy proposed by experimental physicists, employed for controlling Dynamical Systems and basically designed for the control of nonlinear systems (Liqun and Yan Zhu in Appl. Math. Mech. 19: 67-73, 1998;Liqun and Yan Zhu in Phys. Lett. A 262: 350-354, 1999). After a brief presentation of the strategy-called state space exact linearization method, this is applied to design a nonlinear feedback control law as well as a modified version of this law, to control the Kaldor (Chang and Smyth in Rev. Econ. Stud. 38: 37-44, 1971) and the Bonhoeffer-Van Der Pohl (Grassman in Environment, Economics and their Mathematical Models, 1994) nonlinear systems used in macroeconomic business cycles.

关键词： economics   elephant conservation   ivory trade ban   mathematical programming   trade quota  

摘要： A dynamic bioeconomic model of ivory trade is used to investigate the efficacy of conservation payments, tourism benefits, quota regimes and a trade ban on the protection of the African elephant (Laxadonta africana). The model consists of four ivory exporting regions and one demand region. Results indicate that a trade ban might not be successful in maintaining elephants, even if it increases the costs of marketing ivory and leads to a stigma effect that reduces demand. Indeed, trade in elephant products may offer some hope for the elephant, but only if there exist effective institutions that translate in situ protection into economic values. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 金融自由化   金融稳定   次序   资本项目开放  

摘要： 本文通过构造一个国内借款企业和投机者与政府博弈的模型,考察了在金融开放进程中,从维护金融稳定的角度出发,金融自由化所应具备的次序。研究结果进一步验证了国内外关于金融自由化的排序:首先是利率自由化;其次,是汇率开放;资本项目开放则在最后。

关键词： 三维QoS约束   效益最优   资源调度   经济模型  

摘要： 文中在搭建的三维QoS模型空间下研究基于效益最优的资源调度算法,采用经济模型等关注系统与用户交互的管理方式,向用户提供服务质量保证。文中提出的资源调度策略研究在三维QoS约束下如何才能最大的满足用户和资源调度者的需求,从而使整个系统的效益值最大。文中提出的可以被反复调用的算法用来最优化基于三维的QoS资源调度。实验显示了最优化基于多维QoS的资源调度算法会得到更少的运行费用和更高的调度效率。