关键词： 二元经济理论   二元经济结构转换   土地要素   土地制度  

摘要： 回顾文献,概括出了对二元经济理论进行创新的几个主要方向。在这些创新方向的启示下,考虑了由于现行土地制度使得二元结构被不断强化的特殊国情,借鉴和运用新古典经济学的分析技术,构建一个包含了土地要素流动的二元经济模型,并借此模型为我国的二元经济结构转换给出了简单的政策启示。

关键词： 微观模拟   宏观经济模型   行为主体   异质性  

摘要： 传统的经济计量模型不断遇到来自具有系统性偏差的异质行为主体的挑战,本文延展博弈论对经济行为的研究,考察宏观经济建模的微观分析基础,明确界定异质行为及表现形式,重点探讨如何对主体行为进行异质化处理,分析宏观现象与微观主体行为的联系,指出必须对基本行为特征进行假设检验,推广传统建模方法,基于异质性主体构建引入行为参数的广义模型,并展望其良好的应用前景。

关键词： 钞票处理   执行力   经济运行方式   清分机   价值量   经济数学模型   经济模型  

摘要： 　　本文立足于钞票处珲中心的实际情况,把钞票处理中心管理和运行系统视为物理惯性体系,应用物理化学和信息工程原理,引入执行质量和执行速度概念,通过建立描述经济运行方式与要素生产率(主要是技术要素和人力资源要素)的数理模型,对钞票处理中心的执行质量和综合效率的改进进行了探讨.……

关键词： 解   正规方程   虚变量  

摘要： 本文介绍了一种求解经济模型中带虚变量回归分析正规方程的方法,其基本思想是借助正规方程系数矩阵自身性质对方程的解进行分析并分步求解,通过解的结构的分析使求解过程细化、可行。实践证明这一求解理论使经济模型中带虚变量回归分析中正规方程可解。

关键词： Energy efficiency   White Certificates   Energy taxes  

摘要： In this paper we analyze interactions of two energy policy instruments, namely a White Certificates (WhC) scheme as an innovative policy instrument for energy efficiency improvement and energy taxation. These policy instruments differ in terms of objectives and final impacts on the price of electricity. We examine the effect of these policy instruments in the electricity sector, focusing on electricity producers and suppliers in a competitive market. Using microeconomic theory, we identify synergies between market players and demonstrate the total effect on the electricity price when suppliers internalize the behaviour of producers in their decisions. This model refers to an ideal market situation of full liberalization. The cases we examine consist of electricity producers with and without a carbon tax, electricity suppliers with and without an electricity tax, and with WhC obligations. Furthermore, we present a parallel implementation of WhC for electricity suppliers with carbon tax on electricity producers and an electricity tax with WhC obligations to electricity suppliers. We demonstrate differences in optimization behaviour of producers and suppliers. Based on a couple of cases of WhC with carbon and electricity taxes, various positive and negative effects of both schemes in terms of target achievement and efficiency are present, which can lead to an added value of such schemes in the policy mix, although uncertainties of outcomes are quite high. A basic finding is that in a merit order several parameters can increase final electricity price after the implementation of different policies: demand for electricity and electricity supply cost at a large scale and then follow the level of level of obligation for energy saving, level of penalty, and price of WhC (representing the marginal costs of energy saving projects). The impact magnitude of parameters depends on the values chosen and on the initial position of suppliers (i.e. if their actual behaviour deviates

关键词： Costs  

摘要： Technical and regulatory changes motivate the economics of the interconnections to be re-examined for the next-generation Internet. This paper presents a framework for the economics of market-based QoS interconnection networks. The economic model presented captures the characteristics of opportunity costs and demands and suggests strategies for QoS pricing and allocation. We use the statistical results of network simulation to present numerical examples of those market opportunity costs with respect to the contracted QoS network services. Using the model, we show the network economics of market-based QoS interconnections. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 二元经济模型   二元经济结构转换   土地要素  

摘要： 刘易斯二元经济理论的一个主要不足之处在于它没有考虑土地要素流动对二元经济转换的影响。因此,可以运用新古典经济学的一些分析技术,通过构建一个考虑了土地、劳动力两要素流动的二元经济结构转换模型来发展二元经济理论,并据此针对我国现实给出一些有益的政策建议。

关键词： 复杂适应系统理论   多主体经济仿真   收入差距   宏观经济模型  

摘要： 目前,中国经济面临收入差距问题的困扰,收入分配问题已经成为政府、学术界及公众关切的热点问题。本文尝试运用ASPEN模型框架研究收入差距问题。通过仿真实验,分析影响收入分配状况的多种因素,得出了机会不均等是造成收入分化的重要且基本的原因、政府在改善收入差距状况中起重要的作用等结论。

关键词： 税收   经济增长   内生经济增长模型  

摘要： 本文对内生经济增长中的AK模型、人力资本模型和公共支出模型进行了对比和总结研究,以考察税收和经济增长的相关性。

摘要： This paper presents an economic model to connect with the substantial empirical literature on social capital and health that exists largely outside of economics. Representative papers from that literature are reviewed and these show that disagreements exist on the nature and definition of social capital. The paper presents a new line of reasoning to support the view of social capital as a network of interpersonal bonds to include the bonds of family and close friends, not just the community at large. It then adapts and extends the work of Becker and Murphy on social economics to explain the demand for health goods as well as health bads in the presence of increased social capital. It further develops choice under risk to explain the demand for goods that entail a risk of death, such as cigarettes, illegal drugs, or excessive drinking. Empirical examples, including new statistical analyses are presented to illustrate the derivations.