关键词： 健康人力资本   物质资本积累   税收  

摘要： 本文主要在一个两部门经济中研究了健康的产生、物质资本积累和经济增长之间的动态关系。本文的研究表明,健康生产函数的具体形式直接影响着经济的动态行为。在一些情况下,经济中存在物质资本积累和健康产生之间相互影响的周期性变化关系,在另一些情况下,经济中会存在多重均衡。本文最后还讨论了收入税和消费税对经济增长的影响。

关键词： 教学信息   信息共享   知识产权   经济模型   博弈论  

摘要： 当前教学信息共享问题突出表现在教学信息共享的范围小、层次低、效益不高等方面,同时很多教师在共享自己教学资源的时候存在着许多顾虑,尤其是教学信息的知识产权问题。

关键词： diabetes   weight   hypopglcaemia model  

摘要： Methods: This study uses a simulation model designed to evaluate the cost utility of new therapies in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Standard model outputs include incidence of micro- and macrovascular complications and diabetes-specific and all-cause mortality. Results: The mean discounted quality-adjusted life year (QALY) predicted by the model was 12.31 years. Reducing Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) by 1% gave a predicted gain of 0.413 QALYs per patient. A 3-kg weight loss and 30% reduction in hypoglycaemia frequency produced a combined QALY gain of 0.355, whereas the reverse gave a QALY decrement of 0.356. Conclusions: The results of this analysis quantify the QALY decrement that may result from adverse therapy effects. The beneficial effects of improved glycaemic control on QALYs may be offset by characteristic treatment-specific adverse effects, such as weight gain and hypoglycaemia frequency.

关键词： Energisation   Urban energy planning   Poverty alleviation   Local economic development  

摘要： It is widely recognised that access to and supply of modern energy play a key role in poverty alleviation and sustainable development. The emerging concept of energisation seems to capture this idea, and if implemented in its full complexity it should have multiple beneficial effects. To demonstrate this, an economic model is developed for an urban developmental context, drawing on the theory of urban ecosystems and illustrating energy and waste production and consumption issues with current South African data sets. This new understanding of the concept of energisation is then integrated into a local government energy planning process, by means of a checklist for energy planners, covering 18 aspects that between them affect all 7 identifiable tiers of the energy service supply network. A 6-step structured approach is proposed for integrating sustainable energisation into the first four phases of the advanced local energy planning (ALEP) tool. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Economic modelling   Family   Socio-economic determinants of health   Health production function   Unitary model   Collective labour supply   Institutional economics   Marital status  

摘要： Empirical evidence strongly suggests that there is a positive relationship between economic status and health, and that married persons are healthier than their single counterparts. There are, however, a number of economic explanations for why economic status is related to health in the family context that are often overlooked in empirical studies. This paper provides a comparative introduction to three main economic approaches to the family in order to understand further why married persons are often observed to be healthier than single persons. The models discussed are the unitary model, the collective labour supply model, and the institutional economics approach. In discussing the different approaches to health formation in a family context, issues pertaining to gender, intra-household inequality, and resource transfers are also explored to highlight the advantages of considering various economic perspectives. Each of these models, it is suggested, provides an alternative view of the mechanisms for relating economic status to health, and may thus affect the interpretation of empirical results. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ISBN: (纸本)9787543217553

关键词： 网格经济模型   微分方程   调度算法   信任  

摘要： 在网格环境中使用经济学原理进行资源管理和调度是网格从理论研究走向实际应用的有效途径之一。本文在Buyya设计的GRACE网格资源管理框架下,提出一种基于微分方程的信任值量化计算公式:信任=直接信任8声誉,在此基础上建立基于行为的网格信任机制。根据应用环境的不同需求,对网格经济模型调度算法(DBC)进行改进,分别提出了以时间优化、成本优化和时间成本折衷优化为目的的网格信任调度算法(TrustDBC)。理论分析及模拟实验结果表明,本文算法性能明显优于相应的未考虑信任的调度算法。

关键词： 总量平衡   财政赤字   调控货币   社会福利  

摘要： 在保持社会总供求平衡和存在社会储蓄的情况下,政府财政支出与政府调控货币投放是不同的。政府调控货币投放是社会经济平稳发展所必不可少的。随着经济技术的发展,作为调控货币来源的财政赤字,不仅是不可避免的,而且是应该的,是社会发展过程中居民社会福利的重要来源。过于传统地强调避免财政赤字,将直接导致社会需求不足和整个社会经济的衰退。

关键词： 信用卡   有效差异化竞争   品牌   选择成本  

摘要： 面对中国金融业逐步全面开放条件下的激烈竞争,如何做大做强信用卡产品领域是事关中国银行业竞争能力以及产业结构重塑的核心问题之一,但是目前中国信用卡产业却正在日益陷入价格竞争手段失效与无效差异化策略并存的两难困境当中。本文在国内率先提出信用卡市场有效差异化策略的判断标准,构建了有效产品差异化竞争的品牌经济模型,证明了品牌因素通过有效降低消费者选择成本使需求曲线发生旋转倾斜并外移,进而决定产品差异化策略的有效性并从宏观上提高整个社会的福利水平的理论假设。在理论分析的基础上,本文对中国信用卡市场消费者行为和商业银行竞争行为进行了实证研究,提出了促进国内信用卡产业朝着产品差异化方向显著发展的对策。

关键词： 线性   回归分析   显著性检验  

摘要： 本文以具体的全国汽车产量与全国汽车工业产品收入数据为实例,介绍线性回归分析法在经济模型中的应用。