关键词： 劳动就业   空间相关性   面板数据   空间计量经济模型  

摘要： 中国的省际劳动就业存在显著的空间溢出效应和空间依赖性,而且邻近省域就业的溢出效应和空间依赖性对本省具有正向影响,但各地区经济结构的不断趋同使得空间溢出效应远小于空间依赖性。在影响省域劳动就业的因素中,技术进步、市场化水平和政府财政支出有显著影响,工资水平、工业化和人均可支配收入的影响并不是很显著,人口城镇化水平由于中国经济、社会发展中的特殊性对就业的影响较小。

关键词： 高等数学   经济模型   重要概念  

摘要： 从经济类高等数学教与学的过程中存在的问题出发,提出了利用贴近实际的经济模型引出经济类高等数学中的重要概念的方法,提高了学生的学习兴趣,以达到良好的教学效果.

关键词： 宏观经济模型   CGE模型   货币政策分析  

摘要： 在充分吸收CGE模型优势的基础上,我们结合央行宏观经济模型特点,对二者进行有机整合,使之为宏观经济分析和货币政策决策服务。借助该模型不仅可以进行总量分析,还能进行结构分析,从而可以较全面地剖析货币政策对经济的影响过程。

关键词： 高性能计算机   资源管理   并行作业调度   经济模型   预算机制  

摘要： 针对现有批作业系统中的资源管理方式在资源使用公平性和合理性、作业服务质量(QoS)与实际需求存在较大差距的问题,提出一种基于经济学原理的资源管理模型——BB-RAM模型.模型通过预算机制来实现对计算资源管理和使用的宏观控制,最终达到资源使用最优化和保证作业服务质量的目的.基于实际作业流的仿真结果表明该模型的作业调度的作业延误率、效益值等QoS指标,以及平均响应时间等传统评价指标都优于传统调度策略.

关键词： multidestination tourism   microeconomic models   destination choice   tourism demand   consumer choice  

摘要： A significant share of tourism trips includes visits to more than one destination. The only formal theoretical frameworks available for explaining consumers' choices of multidestination tourism trips (MTTs) are based on Lancaster's (1966) characteristics theory. This paper proposes a theoretical model of MTT choices based on the traditional economic theory of consumption. Some particularities of the traditional model regarding MTTs are discussed, such as the proper shape of utility functions, special transport costs and the existence of two budget constraints. The model shows that the MTT paradigm may unfold special demand effects. Negative income effects may be experienced by destinations considered as normal goods, and positive price effects may be experienced by non-Giffen destinations.

关键词： Competition   Disturbance   Litter   Pot experiment   Shading   Soil fertility   Tillering   Tolerance  

摘要： Question Following the framework of Suding et al. (2003), we examined whether morphological traits (organismal response), tolerance and competitive effect (specific process response) were associated with grass dominance (abundance response) on burning, mowing, fertilization and soil depth gradients in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Location University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Methods Using several pot experiments involving 29 grass species in total, we determined the vegetative traits, competitive effect and response, and tolerance to shading for grasses common in closed, tufted mesic grassland in KZN. Results The primary axis of grass-trait variation was most strongly related to a negative correlation (trade-off) between growth rate and specific leaf area (SLA), with broad-leaved, rapidly-growing grasses (high SLA) occupying one extreme and narrow-leaved, slow-growing grasses (low SLA) the other extreme of the first principal component. The low SLA, slow-growth strategy was found to be a relatively general strategy among grasses dominant in undisturbed, high litter grassland, as well as those adapted to moisture-stressed habitats. In contrast, grasses dominant in highly productive habitats with some form of disturbance, e.g. mowing, had a broad-leaved, rapid-growth strategy. Intermediate combinations of the SLA-growth rate trade-off were common among grasses dominant under other combinations of disturbance and soil resource availability. Conclusions Distinct patterns of organismal (SLA, growth rate) and specific process (competitive effect and response, as well as tolerance of shading) responses appeared to be associated with grasses dominant on gradients of burning, mowing, fertilization and soil depth. These organismal and specific process responses were similar to those for North American and European grasses dominant under the same environmental influences, suggesting that some general trait-environment patterns exist at an inter-co

关键词： Economic models   Economic statistics   Econometrics   Macroeconomics   Equations  

摘要： The article focuses on the economic models in the financial sector. It mentions economic model is a set of mathematical equations that describes a theory of economic behavior. It primary aim of the model is to include enough equations in order to provide constructive clues regarding how rational agents behave or how an economy works.

关键词： System dynamic models   Stability analysis   Unconfined aquifers   Degradation risk  

摘要： This paper deals with the assessment of sustainability in the exploitation of groundwater by agriculture in arid and semi-arid lands. The procedure proposed is not based on an indicator made up of a few partial, static figures, but on one which requires the use of all the information collectable for the system under assessment. This information serves to calibrate a dynamic model which formalizes the main causal chains and feedbacks existing between hydrogeology and the number of farms, this being ultimately linked to farms economy. The risk of overexploitation is worked out as the percentage of model's long-term steady-states, associated to a great number of different scenarios, surpassing some chosen threshold marking out sustainability from degradation. The procedure has been implemented for two study cases: the Eastern La Mancha aquifer (Spain), where information was abundant, and the Oued-Mird alluvial aquifer (Morocco), where quantitative information was so much scarcer. Significant risks of degradation have been found in both cases, especially in the Moroccan one. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 空间计量经济模型   知识溢出   区域经济增长   收敛  

摘要： 使用空间计量经济模型实证研究了知识溢出对中国省际区域经济增长收敛性的影响。研究发现省际区域间的知识溢出与区域经济增长存在关联性,以高技术产业为例的3种知识溢出形式对省际区域经济增长及其收敛性的影响是不同的。对省际区域经济增长收敛性的检验结果表明,在1996-2005年间不存在绝对收敛,但是存在条件收敛。条件收敛的实践启示是：如果贫困区域能受到发达区域的拉动和辐射,那么落后省际区域的增长将能成为中国整体发展中最有效的部分。

关键词： Small pelagic fisheries   Cobb-Douglas production function   optimal control   maximum principle  

摘要： P>In the case of small pelagic fish, it seems reasonable to consider harvest functions depending nonlinearly on fishing effort and fish stock. Indeed, empirical evidence about these fish species suggests that marginal catch does not necessarily react in a linear way neither to changes in fishing effort nor in fish stock levels. This is in contradiction with traditional fishery economic models where catch-to-input marginal productivities are normally assumed to be constant. While allowing for nonlinearities in both catch-to-effort and catch-to-stock parameters, this paper extends the traditional single-stock harvesting economic model by focusing on the dependence of the stationary solutions upon the nonlinear catch-to-stock parameter. Thus, we analyze equilibrium responses to changes in this parameter, which in turn may be triggered either by climatic or technological change. Given the focus in this study on the case of small pelagic fish, the analysis considers positive but small values for the catch-to-stock parameter.