关键词： 包含异质行为人   动态经济模型   价格体系   经济体  

摘要： 当前,越来越多的文献开始以异质模型作为分析工具。本文以此为基础,讨论了关于包含异质行为人的动态经济模型计算等有关内容。

关键词： 微分方程   差分方程   经济模型  

摘要： 本文以几种类型的微分、差分方程为例,介绍了在微分、差分方程教学中融入几个经济模型的探索：在可分离变量的微分方程教学中融入多马增长模型;在一阶线性非齐次微分方程教学中融入Solow增长模型;在一阶差分方程教学中融入卖者保有商品存货模型。通过这些探索,帮助经济专业的学生把微分、差分方程内容与经济学知识融会贯通起来,提高他们对这部分内容的学习兴趣,增加他们对这部分内容的理解与应用。

关键词： F41   E32  

摘要： It is well known that real business cycle small open economy (SOE) models rely on Greenwood, Hercowitz, and Huffman (1988) preferences to match the countercyclical trade balance observed in open economies, as well as other second moments, while standard preferences a la King, Plosser, and Rebelo (1988) are commonly labelled ineffective, owing to their inability to yield the countercyclical trade balance. In this paper, I show that an SOE model with standard preferences and involuntary unemployment with efficient risk sharing can obtain a countercyclical trade balance and match main empirical regularities in small open economies.

关键词： sexed embryo   artificial insemination   twinning   bio-economic model   milk yield  

摘要： A stochastic bio-economic model has been used to determine the effects of new reproductive technologies over a 15-year period. A strategy of using conventional artificial insemination (AI) or embryo transfer (ET) using two sex-controlled embryos at different conception rates (CRs) and herd sizes resulted in a 24 state model. The genetic means of AI population increased over the years, and the genetic means of milk production for all of the embryo strategies were greater than those of AI. In addition, the genetic means of milk yield using different embryo-based scenarios in the expanding herds were greater than those for the fixed herds. The net profit of using sexed ET in the expanding herds was greater (P < 0.05) than that of fixed size herds. In general, there was a roughly consistent trend in net profit per cow for sexed ET strategies in the expanding herds over the years, but there was an increasing trend in net profit per cow for sexed ET strategies in the fixed herds over the years. Medium to high CRs for ET and the use of sex-controlled embryo systems, especially for induction of twin births to produce dairy replacements, will be critical elements of a system that produces significant numbers of female calves. The greater number of female calves produced in the sex-controlled scenarios allows the farmer to select animals with the best genetic potential as dairy replacement heifers;therefore, the rate of genetic gain increased in the dairy herd. Results of sensitivity analyses showed that a significant decrease in the production costs and increase in the ET performance are essential for embryo-based technologies to be profitable.

关键词： 风电场   尾流   尾流数学模型   风机优化布置   成本-效益模型   效益评价模型  

摘要： 为了减少风电场内尾流影响,建立风机发电机数学模型。利用区域以及尾流叠加的计算公式,得出风在任意角度情况下,尾流对风电场风机的影响。建立了计入多因素的风电场成本-效益模型和增量装机效益评价模型。分别对风电场内风机的不同布置方式进行经济性分析和对比评价,最终得出风电场内风机的最优布置数量和布置形式。

关键词： 通胀差距   收入差距   中国季度宏观经济模型  

摘要： 文章基于中国季度宏观经济模型,对我国城乡不同收入群体所面临的收入差距、通胀差距及其对总需求的影响进行了实证分析。通过构建消费行为方程,分析了总量CPI上涨对不同收入群体CPI、收入及消费支出的影响。研究结果表明,CPI的上涨对农村居民的冲击大于城镇居民,对低收入群体的冲击大于高收入群体。城乡及城乡不同收入群体面临的通胀差异会扩大不同收入群体的实际收入差距,削弱我国居民对通胀的耐受力。同时,抑制全社会居民消费需求扩张,会使最终消费对经济增长的贡献率持续下滑。因此,抑制通胀并有效降低通胀的社会成本,不仅要控制通胀的总量水平,而且要缩小通胀在不同收入群体之间的差距。即旨在控制总量通货膨胀的政策要兼顾缩小城乡居民的通胀差距。在制定宏观调控政策时,要在控制通胀与追求增长之间作出权衡,要坚决将增长速度控制在9%。为有效抑制通胀差距所产生的社会成本,必须充分重视通货膨胀对不同收入阶层尤其是农村低收入阶层收入的影响,采取有力措施保障低收入阶层的收入增长;要进一步提高最低工资标准和制造业劳工工资水平,保障城乡低收入阶层收入和消费水平,增强中低收入阶层抵御通胀侵蚀收入的能力。

关键词： 医院   服务产品   服务价格   决策   模型  

摘要： 医院资源总是有限的,如何向各科室分配资源,优先发展哪些科室,是医院管理者面临的典型难题。文章从医院服务产品与价格的角度对决策经济模型进行分析,为医院对科室投资决策提供方法。

关键词： 最优投资保险   动态经济模型   分析研究  

摘要： 随着市场经济的繁荣,金融投资开始在世界经济的发展中充当重要的角色。与金融投资的高收益相伴随的是投资行业面临的巨大风险,为了避免在金融投资中面临损耗危机,投资保险作为一种金融工具应运而生,并逐渐发展成为一个新行业。本文根据当前的经济形势,对如何优化我国的投资保险行业进行分析,以动态经济模型的方式对该问题进行阐述。

关键词： Grid computing   Economic model   Dynamic environment  

摘要： Grid computing offers the network of large scale computing resources. Economic models are effective in collaborating large scale heterogeneous grid resources that are typically owned by different organizations. Not all the models provide same benefits for users in utilizing the resources. Similarly, the profit earned by resource providers also differs for different economic models. We survey the economic models used in grid computing since its inception until 2010. We discuss their advantages and disadvantages and analyze their suitability for usage in a dynamic grid environment. To the best of our knowledge, no such survey has been conducted in the literature up to now. (C) 2011 Elsevier RV. All rights reserved.

关键词： 要素供给   效用函数   边际效用   边际替代率  

摘要： 某些西方经济学文献在运用数学建模进行论证分析时,由于没有理清一些数学变量关系在经济上的含义,从而造成逻辑混乱或数学工具的错用,并由于其一定的隐蔽性,可能对读者造成相当程度的误导.首先分析国内颇具影响的文献[1]中两个数学模型中的推导问题,一个是关于要素供给模型的构建和推导,另一个是关于一般均衡条件的推导.然后指出文献[2]中一个严重的数学错误,在分析其错误根源的基础上,一并给出了相应的解释和修正.