关键词： 盗版   拉弗曲线   埃奇沃思盒   帕累托改善  

摘要： 文章从经济学角度,解释盗版产生的原因,重点利用拉弗曲线和埃奇沃思盒来分析正版和盗版如何在市场中分布,才能在目前的社会中,使其达到帕累托改善或最优。

关键词： 劳动力   工资   雇佣   经济学家   经济模型   简单模型   教科书   青少年  

摘要： 1、研究意义．第一，检验基本经济模型。大部分入门的经济学教科书里，都会介绍最低工资对雇佣率的影响，即最低工资会导致失业。这个结论建立在一些很简单的假设下，所以对这个结论很多经济学家都提出了疑问。而受最低工资影响最大的莫过于青少年劳动力，对这一族群雇佣率的研究可以检验教科书中简单模型的正确性。

关键词： Economic efficiency   Demand (Economic theory)   Product mixes   Economic models   Water   Natural resources   Rivers -- Brazil  

摘要： This paper presents a linked hydro-economic model and uses it to examine the regional effects of water use regulations and product price changes on the agriculture of the Sao Francisco River Basin, Brazil. The effects of weather on surface water availability are explicitly addressed using the hydrological model MIKE-Basin. Farmers' adjustments to changes in precipitation, surface water availability, and other factors are quantified using an economic model based on non-linear programming techniques. The models are externally linked. Results show that regional impacts, at the sub-basin level, vary depending on the location of each sub-basin relative to river flows. The effects of water use regulations and of exogenous price shocks on agriculture depend on weather, location, product mix and production technology. Implications of these results for policies designed to manage agriculture and water use are discussed.

关键词： Gender World Record Ratio   Discipline Self-selection   Human Capital Investments  

摘要： This paper shows that the Gender World Record Ratio (GWRR) in four disciplines, i.e. marathon, triple jump, pole vault and 800 meters, follows a S-shape over time. It is argued that this pattern is the result of the late authorization of women to participate in these disciplines at major events. A simple economic model is built to understand this mechanism. The model is shown to predict a S-shaped GWRR in disciplines with late autorization for women to participate. Comparing the evolution of the GWRR in triple jump to that in long jump enables us to downplay the relative importance of technological developments in the narrowing of the gender gap in performance. Since participation at major events is no longer gender-biased, we may conclude that the GWRR is likely to remain stable in the future.

关键词： Clouds   Grids   Scalability   Economic model   GridSim   Fairness  

摘要： Infrastructure as a Service clouds are a flexible and fast way to obtain (virtual) resources as demand varies. Grids, on the other hand, are middleware platforms able to combine resources from different administrative domains for task execution. Clouds can be used by grids as providers of devices such as virtual machines, so they only use the resources they need. But this requires grids to be able to decide when to allocate and release those resources. Here we introduce and analyze by simulations an economic mechanism (a) to set resource prices and (b) resolve when to scale resources depending on the users' demand. This system has a strong emphasis on fairness, so no user hinders the execution of other users' tasks by getting too many resources. Our simulator is based on the well-known GridSim software for grid simulation, which we expand to simulate infrastructure clouds. The results show how the proposed system can successfully adapt the amount of allocated resources to the demand, while at the same time ensuring that resources are fairly shared among users. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tail Events   Ergodicity   Stationary Distributions  

摘要： This paper provides conditions for bounding tail probabilities in stochastic economic models in terms of their transition laws and shock distributions. Particular attention is given to conditions under which the tails of stationary equilibria have exponential decay. By way of illustration, the technique is applied to a threshold autoregression model of exchange rates.

关键词： 农村剩余劳动力   虚拟政策变量   生产率比值   计量经济模型  

摘要： 我国现处于农村劳动力向城镇快速转移的特殊时期,及时了解农村劳动力转移的原因,有助于城市化的快速合理发展,有准备的应对劳动力转移在未来的趋向变化。本文在综合各种农村劳动力转移理论的基础上,考虑了改革开放至今,中国的经济和政治环境发生了巨大的变化,政策因素对劳动力转移的影响不可小觑。加之中国现下第三产业的迅猛发展对农村劳动力有大量需求,只关注劳动力向第二产业转移已不再符合中国实际,本文从二三产业对第一产业生产率比值的角度量化分析了产业之间不平衡发展对于农村劳动力转移的影响。最后,根据分析结果给出了建议。

关键词： 宏观经济模型   中国经济   模型预测   新加坡国立大学   居民收入   厦门大学   扩大内需   社会保险  

摘要： 据经济参考报报道，厦门大学、新加坡国立大学和经济参考报三方25日共同发布了中国季度宏观经济模型（CQMM）2012年春季预测结果。根据模型预测，2012年中国经济（GDP）增长速度将在二季度降至8．35％之后逐步回升。课题组认为，中国今年经济增速仍将保持较为强劲的增长势头，但是中国跨越中等收入阶段的关键仍在于提高居民收入，扩大内需，为此建议在一定时期内，将居民上缴的社会保险缴费部分返还民众。

关键词： 新古典学派   有效需求   收入分配   货币  

摘要： 目前,新古典主义经济学派占据了经济学界的主流地位,但是新古典学派的理论框架却并不适合于对宏观经济领域的研究。以对新古典主义学派的质疑为起点,从有效需求和收入分配角度出发,建立了一个全新而简单的货币量值宏观经济模型,以此对宏观经济运行进行简要的分析。并以沈阳为例对此模型进行实证检验,证实有效需求和收入分配对于经济运行有着非常重要的影响。

关键词： 中国当代   著名画家   经济模型   收藏投资   名家书画   创始人   实力   异曲同工  

摘要： 当代著名画家谷新峰老师是我几年前在北京有幸结识的知交。是为知交可谓一见如故，谷兄欣赏我的文才，我则是为谷兄的画所折服。因为鄙人也曾经从事过绘画这么个行当，只是从来所画的每幅画都能在创作的整个过程中感受到莫大的痛苦，不是表达退步而是表达无法触及更无法与胸中之成竹相去甚远而郁郁寡欢，当然也不能说是画虎不成画成猫，但是痛苦是真真切切的，于是经过N次的痛苦抉择之后忍痛作罢，但是以画笔表达的欲望与激情却从未减少过，只是换成了文字或者摇滚乐的呐喊，虽不能异曲同工也可聊以自慰而己。