关键词： Discrete dynamical systems and economics   Cournot duopoly   Cournot-like model   Equilibrium point  

摘要： Guirao and Rubio (2010) [12] introduce an economic model, which generalizes the classical duopoly of Cournot type, where the competitors are located around a circle or a line and each firm competes "a la Cournot" with its right and left neighboring. For the case of having three and four players, we describe completely the bifurcations of equilibria in terms of the production costs of each firm and we study the stability of them. Moreover, for the case of four players we provide some information on the two-periodic orbits of the system. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous agents  

摘要： This paper reviews the development of agent-based (computational) economics (ACE) from an econometrics viewpoint. The review comprises three stages, characterizing the past, the present, and the future of this development. The first two stages can be interpreted as an attempt to build the econometric foundation of ACE, and, through that, enrich its empirical content. The second stage may then invoke a reverse reflection on the possible agent-based foundation of econometrics. While ACE modeling has been applied to different branches of economics, the one, and probably the only one, which is able to provide evidence of this three-stage development is finance or financial economics. We will, therefore, focus our review only on the literature of agent-based computational finance, or, more specifically, the agent-based modeling of financial markets.

关键词： 产业结构优化   计量经济模型   连载   经济效益   经济发展   技术活动  

摘要： 一、前言当今经济主题是转变经济发展方式,推动产业结构优化升级。优化产业结构,关键在于提高产业内部各环节的经济效益,产业计量正是促进产业内部各环节经济效益提高的技术活动,它覆盖产业活动的各个方面,包括产品的研发、设计、生产、流通、使用。

关键词： LABOR market   ECONOMIC models   BUSINESS cycles   MACROECONOMICS   TRANSMISSION mechanism (Monetary policy)  

摘要： This paper investigates labour market dynamics in New Zealand by estimating a structural small open economy model enriched with standard search and matching frictions in the labour market. We show that the model fits the business cycle features of key macroeconomic variables reasonably well and provides an appealing monetary transmission mechanism. We then extend our analysis to examine the driving forces behind labour market variables. Our findings suggest that the bulk of variation in labour market variables is solely explained by disturbances pertaining to the labour market.

关键词： Chaos   fixed point   multi-valued dynamical systems  

摘要： We consider multi-valued dynamical systems with continuous time of the form (x) over dot is an element of F(x), where F(x) is a set-valued function. Such models have been studied recently in mathematical economics. We provide a definition for chaos, omega-chaos and topological entropy for these differential inclusions that is in terms of the natural R-action on the space of all solutions of the model. By considering this more complicated topological space and its R-action we show that chaos is the 'typical' behavior in these models by showing that near any hyperbolic fixed point there is a region where the system is chaotic, omega-chaotic, and has infinite topological entropy.

关键词： Neuroeconomic theory   Information processing   Bayesian updating  

摘要： We build on research from neurobiology to model the process through which the brain maps outside evidence into decisions. The sensory system encodes information through cell-firing. Cell-firing is measured against a threshold, and an action is triggered depending on whether the threshold is surpassed. The decision system modulates the threshold. We show that the (constrained) optimal threshold is set in a way that existing beliefs are likely to be confirmed. We then derive behavioral implications. Our mechanism can explain in a unified framework a number of 'anomalies' noted in psychology and economics: (i) belief anchoring (the order in which evidence is received affects beliefs and choices): (ii) polarization (individuals with opposite priors may polarize their opinions after receiving identical evidence): (iii) payoff-dependence of beliefs and (iv) belief disagreement (individuals with identical priors who receive the same evidence may end up with different posterior beliefs). (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 经济模型   实验仿真   无线通信  

摘要： 为了提高经济学实验的教学效率和教学效果,同时增加实验参与者的兴趣,构建了实验经济学仿真模型框架,设计了一个实验经济学仿真平台。利用无线通信技术,通过自定义的通信协议,采用多线程技术,解决了多客户端信号并发在仿真平台中引发的信号冲突问题,达到了提升教学效率和改进教学效果的目的。

关键词： 能源价格   Granger因果   协整   误差修正   脉冲响应  

摘要： 中国经济现面临着很多的制约因素,能源问题是关系中国经济可持续发展的重中之重。目前中国的能源行业存在许多问题,但最终都可以归结为能源价格问题。在经济全球化的背景下,为确定合理的能源价格体系与机制,需要对国内外能源价格的关系进行深入研究。采用Granger因果模型、协整检验、误差修正模型、脉冲响应等计量经济学方法,研究国内外典型市场的石油、煤炭、电力、天然气四种主要能源价格关系。通过分析得出国内原油与成品油价格由国际原油与成品油价格决定;典型能源市场成熟的国家原油价格与天然气交易中心价格共同影响成品油与煤炭价格,进而间接影响终端用户电价与终端用户气价;国际煤炭价格是成品油价格的单向格兰杰原因,澳大利亚煤炭价格是全球煤炭市场的核心。

关键词： 税收成本   非税成本   企业组织形式   税收规则  

摘要： 基于税收考虑的企业组织形式选择也称为最优企业组织形式税务筹划,即选择某种企业组织形式寻求最有效的税务筹划决策,税收成本和非税成本是影响这种有效选择的主要因素。不考虑非税成本时,企业组织形式偏好选择经济模型主要受企业所得税税率、股权转让所得的个人所得税税率、经营所得的个人所得税税率等变量影响。非税成本中的转换成本、牺牲非税优势的成本、协调与沟通成本等也是影响经济模型的重要因素。

关键词： 蒙特卡罗模拟   绿色建筑   节水与中水回用   经济模型  

摘要： 通过对绿色建筑节水和中水回用项目的全寿命周期成本构成的分析,采用净现值衡量的指标形式,构建了绿色建筑全寿命周期经济决策模型,运用蒙特卡罗模拟的方法,以实际示范项目进行模拟应用,分别对绿色建筑和传统建筑的节水项目进行建模分析,实际验证了该模型和模拟方法的合理性和实用性,以期为绿色建筑项目的决策提供一种可借鉴、可操作的方法,以及为政府机构、决策部门和开发商的正确决策提供科学方法和理论依据。