关键词： 收入分配   经济模型   创新研究  

摘要： 收入分配问题无论对经济发展还是社会稳定都是一个极为重要的问题。本课题组在掌握大量统计调查数据资料的基础上,综合运用多种方法,通过实际调研、文献研究与比较,结合经济学原理深入分析了山西收入分配现状,剖析了收入分配存在的问题,探寻了影响收入分配的主要症结,并利用调查数据构建经济学模型对收入分配问题进行了更进一步地理论剖析与实证研究,提出解决收入分配问题的一系列切实可行的对策与建议。

关键词： 生态效率   灰色综合评价法   空间计量经济模型  

摘要： 当今经济发展和资源环境的矛盾日益突出,这使得人们越来越重视生态效率的提高,对区域生态效率水平进行准确评价、分析其影响因素对于建设"两型"社会,实现可持续发展有着重要的理论意义和政策参考价值。基于2010年中国各省域资源环境及经济统计数据,采用基于熵值赋权的灰色综合评价法对我国省域生态效率的优劣做出了评价;然后运用空间统计和空间误差模型对我国省域生态效率水平的空间关联机制及其影响因素进行了实证分析。研究表明:(1)我国区域生态效率呈东高西低的梯度分布格局,具有明显的"俱乐部收敛"现象,存在显著的空间相关性和集聚性;(2)利用外资、人力资源、产业结构3因素对生态效率产生显著的正向影响;(3)环境污染治理投资(以下简称环污投资)没有发挥应有的作用;(4)排污收费制度对区域生态效率的影响不显著。最后,根据实证分析结果,提出了如下政策建议:(1)转变经济发展方式,促进产业结构高级化;(2)积极有效利用外资;(3)加大教育科研投入,提高人口素质和科技水平;(4)加强环污投资资金的管理和政府部门的日常监管工作;(5)生态效率水平的提高是一个系统工程,要从多角度、全方位统筹考虑。

关键词： 水循环系统   监管模式   海河流域   多维   阈值   宏观经济模型   流域水资源   多目标分析  

摘要： In this study, a multi-dimensional critical regulatory criteria and decision-making mechanism based on the scientific cognition of multi-dimensional attributes and characteristics of the water cycle was proposed. This system was functioned by deeply discriminating the nature-society binary characteristics of the five-dimensional characteristics of the water cycle system of the Haihe River Basin (water resources, economy, society, ecology, and environment) under the influence of high-intensity human activities and hydrological changes and by analyzing the organic interactive relationships between the five dimensions and their overall effect on the water cycle. A GDP calculation model was constructed in this study by adjusting the water environment for water resources, after which five-dimensional normalization objective functions were established for multi-objective analysis to carry out trade-off analysis of multi-dimensional regulatory indexes. In addition, synergetic theory, entropy theory and dissipation structure theory were introduced to construct an evaluation model for multi-dimensional regulatory schemes. A water cycle multi-dimensional critical overall regulatory model system was also established. This system consisted of a multi-objective macroeconomic model (DAMOS), water resource allocation model based on rules (ROWAS), evaluation model for WEDP (EMW) and multi-dimensional regulatory scheme evaluation model (SEAMUR) as the main body. To address the national demands faced by the Haihe River Basin as a result of combinatorial schemes for different hydrological series and water amounts diverted by the south-to-north water diversion project, this study adopted a hierarchy progression method to set up the technologies, investigated multi-dimensional overall regulatory methods, proposed an overall regulation threshold value for the water cycle of the Haihe River Basin, and recommended corresponding five-dimensional regulatory schemes.

关键词： 区域经济合作   世界经济   金融危机   经济模型  

摘要： The international financial crisis beginning in 2007 not only raises questions on but also poses challenges to the Western economic model. In contrast, emerging economies’ position in the world economy is improving constantly, the center of world economy begins to shift to Asia-Pacific Region at an accelerated rate, and China as a rising emerging

关键词： 宏观经济学   全球金融危机   宏观经济模型   宏观政策   经济学家   财政政策   中央银行   经济状况  

摘要： 自全球金融危机发生五年以来，经济学家之间的分歧较大，关于宏观政策的讨论接连不断，其中包括财政政策的作用、中央银行的极端政策、本次危机带给宏观经济模型的启示等等。最后一点非常重要，因为经济学家根据这些经济模型来分析经济状况，提供政策建议。

关键词： 区域创新   宏观计量经济模型   协整模型  

摘要： 本文通过在中国小型宏观计量协整模型中嵌入区域创新生产函数从而将区域技术创新活动与国家宏观经济活动相联系的区域—宏观经济分析模型,研究了中国三大区域研发投入对中国宏观经济的影响.模拟分析表明,中国三大区域研发投入增加有利于中国城市化发展,有利于中国居民收入增加,有利于国家经济增长;在所考虑的八大宏观经济变量中,中国区域研发投入增加对国内生产总值的影响最大,对城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入和农村居民家庭人均纯收入的影响分别排在第二和第三位;三大区域研发投入增加,对主要宏观经济变量影响程度的大小按东中西的顺序排列.

关键词： urban water pricing   economic regulation   water utility   monopoly   simulation modelling  

摘要： This paper presents a financial economic model to analyse key topics of urban water pricing and economic regulation. Because institutions play a central role in the regulation process, it evaluates some institutional forms of drinking water utility: non-regulated state-owned monopoly, state-owned monopoly regulated by cost of service and by the Vogelsang-Finsinger pricing rule. In the scope of the Brazilian water utility (highly heterogeneous urban residential demand, investment financed by monopoly's capital, and increasing block tariff), the main conclusion shows that the institutional form most employed in Brazil (cost of service) presents the lowest efficiency and equity indicators, suggesting the necessity for revision of Brazilian water economic regulation.

关键词： Power markets  

摘要： The liberalization of electricity markets in Europe aims to increase competition, thus decreasing electricity prices for the consumers, including households. Moreover, the electricity generated from renewable energies (RES-E) is physically integrated into the electricity market and can influence electricity prices. This paper presents the impact of the liberalization process in the Spanish electricity market and the impact of RES-E on household electricity ***, as the electricity market liberalization is relatively recent, the related data is limited, and even when trying to estimate the electricity price models through regression procedures a dimensionality problem presents itself. Therefore, in this paper a Maximum Entropy Econometric approach is used that allows for the estimation of models when information is limited. The obtained results suggest that the use of wind energy in electricity generation can contribute to the reduction of electricity prices. However, the electricity generated from hard coal increases the electricity prices. Results also reveal that energy dependence also has an important effect on electricity prices.

关键词： Econophysics   Cellular automata   Lattice Boltzmann   Economic model   Income distribution   Tax regulation  

摘要： In this paper, a new econophysics model based on a lattice Boltzmann automata is presented. This model represents economic agents (people, countries...) as particles of a gas moving on a 2D lattice and interacting with each other. Economic transactions are modeled by particle-to-particle interactions in which money is conserved. If only particular transactions are considered (free market), the money distribution quickly converges to a Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution. But the model also introduces a third step of global income distribution that can be used for exploring tax regulation strategies. The model is presented, and some examples of income distribution are given. One of the most interesting features of the model is the fact that it is completely discrete, and it can be exactly implemented on any computational resource, leading to very fast, yet powerful simulations, especially when parallelization resources are available. Some results of these simulations, as well as performance data, are given. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： economic crisis   economic models   global development   sustainable development  

摘要： The horizon of 2050 is projected a new vision of the economy, supported by a coordination of economic policies in order to generate sustainable growth, employment levels, social cohesion, which would contribute to economic and financial recovery of European Union. Challenges facing the Union are higher than before the recession, while the margin of maneuver is limited. Enhanced role of Union demonstrate increasingly economic and politic power of emerging countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]