关键词： 金融资源   空间配置   自由资本模型分析   区域金融   贸易成本  

摘要： 文章在回顾了区域金融发展差异研究的相关文献的基础上,通过构建自由资本模型分析了金融资源的空间配置,分析结果表明:如果区域间初始要素禀赋是对称分布的,那么由其决定的市场消费规模、工业企业也是对称分布的,在长期均衡点金融资源的空间配置是均衡的;如果区域间初始要素禀赋、市场消费规模、贸易成本、技术和开放度是不对称的,则金融资源的空间配置呈现非均衡。在空间经济模型分析金融资源空间配置非均衡一般性原因的基础上,再联系中国的特殊性原因,构建相关指标体系实证分析中国金融资源空间配置状况。

关键词： 自愿性   环境政策工具   管制压力   博弈均衡  

摘要： 自愿性环境政策工具是企业与管制机构博弈的结果,管制压力是影响该工具制定与效果的关键因素,那么,管制压力是如何影响自愿性工具呢?为了解释管制压力对自愿性环境协议的影响过程,文章建构了一个简单的经济模型,验证管制压力与自愿性协议的关系。研究表明:第一,管制压力是企业决定是否参加自愿性协议的主要因素;第二,自愿性协议中所确定的自愿削减量是管制机构与企业博弈均衡的结果,均衡结果有可能是最优自愿削减量,该削减量大于管制工具所强加的最优削减量,但是最优自愿削减量的产生依赖于强的管制压力。

关键词： Software product line   feature diagram   economic model   model counting  

摘要： In software product line engineering, feature diagrams are a popular means to represent the similarities and differences within a family of related systems. In addition, feature diagrams implicitly model valuable information that can be used in economic models to estimate the cost savings of a product line. In particular, this paper reviews existing proposals on computing the total number of products modeled with a feature diagram and, given a feature, the number of products that implement it. This paper also reviews the economic information that can be estimated when such numbers are known. Thus, this paper contributes by bringing together previously-disparate streams of work: the automated analysis of feature diagrams and economic models for product lines.

关键词： Social capital   Institutional economics   Socio-economics   Organizations  

摘要： In the context of increasingly complex economies, with information more and more complicated to handle, social interaction may allow spontaneous co-operation and be more efficient than market or state regulations to overcome co-ordination and information problems. This article provides a theoretical model that compares three "pure forms" of economic organization: state-controlled production, unregulated market, and voluntary organization. We model the behavior of agents who are embedded in a social structure that is characterized by three parameters: the intensity of socialization, the size of individual social space, and the overall level of trust in society. We then study how social interaction parameters influence the relative efficiency of the three different forms of organization. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy   Growth   Political stability  

摘要： This is an empirical study on the causal relationship between economic growth and energy for 26 European countries in a multivariate panel framework over the period 1975-2009 using a two-way fixed effects model and including greenhouse gas emissions, capital, fossil energy consumption, Herfindahl index (political competition) and number of years the government chief executive stays in office (political stability) as independent variables in the model. Empirical results confirm bidirectional causality between growth and political stability, capital and political stability, capital and fossil energy consumption. Whether political stability favors the implementation of growth or leads to corruption demands further research. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cogeneration   Right to sell provision   Game theory   Arbitrage  

摘要： In the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) in the USA, to promote cogeneration, there exists a key provision for qualifying facilities to sell the cogenerated electric power to host utilities at a predetermined price. In this paper, we investigate the economic implications and consequences of this "right to sell" provision. First, under PURPA, we show how the interaction between a cogeneration facility and an electric utility can be modeled as a Stackelberg game, and derive the equilibrium generation quantities, prices, as well as the corresponding profits and total surplus. We next construct a benchmark model under a deregulated environment. By comparing and contrasting these two models, we obtain various results of managerial insights, economic implications, and policy ramifications. For example, under the right to sell provision, we identify the conditions for a qualifying facility's arbitrage to occur. Also, relative to the deregulated benchmark model, we show how the government's right to sell provision may lead to inferior economic performance. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Public value   Non-profit   Cost function   Subsidy   Productivity   Efficiency   Labor  

摘要： In many public service industries, firms are assumed to maximize certain public goals and are not allowed to make any profits. These public service firms are financed by fixed and variable subsidies and fees-for-services paid by users. Standard economic models, such as the profit maximization and cost minimization model, are not suitable for describing the production structure and the economic behavior of these firms. Productivity and efficiency measures derived from these models therefore are not accurate. This paper derives a model that fits this type of firm and its economic context. It derives the exact mathematical relationships between public value, services delivered, (money) revenues, costs, service prices, resource prices and subsidies. In an empirical setting the model can be used as a reference to calculate productivity and efficiency scores. The usability of the model is demonstrated by an application to Social Labor Services in the Netherlands.

关键词： 全球经济   开放经济条件   经济模型  

摘要： 封闭经济模型下能够成立的许多理论和政策建议，在全球开放经济条件下会部分或全部失效。

关键词： Indus Basin Model Revised   Pakistan   water allocation   GCM uncertainty   climate  

摘要： The Indus Basin Model Revised (IBMR) is a hydro-agro-economic optimization model for agricultural investment planning across Pakistan's Indus Basin provinces. This study describes IBMR-2012, an update and modification of the model that reflects the current agro-economic conditions in Pakistan for the purpose of evaluating the impact of climate change on water allocation and food security. Results of hydro-climatic parameter sensitivity and basin-wide and provincial-level climate change impacts on crop productions are presented. The study finds that compared to Punjab, Sindh faces both significantly larger climate change impacts on agriculture and higher uncertainty regarding climate change impacts in the future.

关键词： 城镇化   1%增长速度   新型城镇化   经济模型  

摘要： 在对城镇化概念进行界定和简要分析我国城镇化发展现状的基础上,通过建立城镇化发展影响社会、经济、生活的计量模型,具体分析1%城镇化速度对我国社会经济生活的影响:城镇化水平每增长1%,我国人均GDP增长幅度为0.045;农村居民就业下降0.051%,城镇就业增加0.203%;而城镇、农村居民的人均可支配收入分别增加3.259%、2.800%,进、出口额分别增长1.217%、1.257%;同时,根据当前我国社会、经济、生活状态对城镇化发展速度的支撑力度,研究我国现阶段城镇化发展速度问题。最后,从制度方面、农民市民化方面、城乡二元结构方面等三个方面提出了政策建议。