关键词： User satisfaction   Marginal utility   Information quality   Economic theory   Information technology consumption  

摘要： This paper has two major objectives. The first objective intends to answer the following question which is of significant interest to information system (IS) researchers and practitioners: How does user satisfaction (satisfaction) respond to changes in system use and system attributes? The second and more ambitious objective is to promote the application of economic theories in user behavior research. In contrast to prior research that conceived the development of user satisfaction as an information valuation and integration process, we consider such development to be embedded in the IS consumption process, that is, users gain utility (satisfaction) from consuming (using) the system. This perspective enables us to re-conceptualize user satisfaction as a proxy of utility and apply utility research in economics to study user satisfaction. An economic model of user satisfaction was developed. Two empirical studies were conducted to examine the research model. The findings confirmed the consumptive nature of user satisfaction. Apart from enriching our understanding of user satisfaction, this research demonstrates the usefulness of economic theories in user behavior research. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Meta-analysis   Statistics   Economic models   Treatment effectiveness   Prostatectomy  

摘要： Objectives: When incorporating treatment effect estimates derived from a random-effect meta-analysis it is tempting to use the confidence bounds to determine the potential range of treatment effect. However, prediction intervals reflect the potential effect of a technology rather than the more narrowly defined average treatment effect. Using a case study of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, this study investigates the impact on a cost-utility analysis of using clinical effectiveness derived from random-effects meta-analyses presented as confidence bounds and prediction intervals, respectively. Methods: To determine the cost-utility of robot-assisted prostatectomy, an economic model was developed. The clinical effectiveness of robot-assisted surgery compared with open and conventional laparoscopic surgery was estimated using meta-analysis of peer-reviewed publications. Assuming treatment effect would vary across studies due to both sampling variability and differences between surgical teams, random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool effect estimates. Results: Using the confidence bounds approach the mean and median ICER was (sic)24,193 and (sic)26,731/QALY (95% CI: (sic)13,752 to (sic)68,861/QALY), respectively. The prediction interval approach produced an equivalent mean and median ICER of (sic)26,920 and (sic)26,643/QALY (95% CI: -(sic)135,244 to (sic)239,166/QALY), respectively. Using prediction intervals, there is a probability of 0.042 that robot-assisted surgery will result in a net reduction in QALYs. Conclusions: Using prediction intervals rather than confidence bounds does not affect the point estimate of the treatment effect. In meta-analyses with significant heterogeneity, the use of prediction intervals will produce wider ranges of treatment effect, and hence result in greater uncertainty, but a better reflection of the effect of the technology.

关键词： DISTRIBUTED computing   TIME-sharing computer systems   JOB performance   ON-demand computing   RESOURCE allocation   JOB evaluation   EMPLOYEE reviews   SOFTWARE  

摘要： A model for job flow scheduling and fair resource sharing in distributed computing environments is proposed. The model helps one to take into account requirements in the virtual organization imposed by the users on efficiency and job performance quality. With the proposed slot selection algorithms, one can find alternatives optimal with respect to a given criterion for each job in the batch.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium   Partial equilibrium   Meta-analysis   Socioeconomic pathway   Climate change   Bioenergy   Land use   Model intercomparison  

摘要： Recent studies assessing plausible futures for agricultural markets and global food security have had contradictory outcomes. To advance our understanding of the sources of the differences, 10 global economic models that produce long-term scenarios were asked to compare a reference scenario with alternate socioeconomic, climate change, and bioenergy scenarios using a common set of key drivers. Several key conclusions emerge from this exercise: First, for a comparison of scenario results to be meaningful, a careful analysis of the interpretation of the relevant model variables is essential. For instance, the use of real world commodity prices differs widely across models, and comparing the prices without accounting for their different meanings can lead to misleading results. Second, results suggest that, once some key assumptions are harmonized, the variability in general trends across models declines but remains important. For example, given the common assumptions of the reference scenario, models show average annual rates of changes of real global producer prices for agricultural products on average ranging between -0.4% and +0.7% between the 2005 base year and 2050. This compares to an average decline of real agricultural prices of 4% p.a. between the 1960s and the 2000s. Several other common trends are shown, for example, relating to key global growth areas for agricultural production and consumption. Third, differences in basic model parameters such as income and price elasticities, sometimes hidden in the way market behavior is modeled, result in significant differences in the details. Fourth, the analysis shows that agro-economic modelers aiming to inform the agricultural and development policy debate require better data and analysis on both economic behavior and biophysical drivers. More interdisciplinary modeling efforts are required to cross-fertilize analyses at different scales.

关键词： Energy demand   Agricultural markets   General equilibrium modeling   Partial equilibrium modeling   Model comparison  

摘要： Integrated Assessment studies have shown that meeting ambitious greenhouse gas mitigation targets will require substantial amounts of bioenergy as part of the future energy mix. In the course of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP), five global agro-economic models were used to analyze a future scenario with global demand for ligno-cellulosic bioenergy rising to about 100 ExaJoule in 2050. From this exercise a tentative conclusion can be drawn that ambitious climate change mitigation need not drive up global food prices much, if the extra land required for bioenergy production is accessible or if the feedstock, for example, from forests, does not directly compete for agricultural land. Agricultural price effects across models by the year 2050 from high bioenergy demand in an ambitious mitigation scenario appear to be much smaller (+5% average across models) than from direct climate impacts on crop yields in a high-emission scenario (+25% average across models). However, potential future scarcities of water and nutrients, policy-induced restrictions on agricultural land expansion, as well as potential welfare losses have not been specifically looked at in this exercise.

关键词： bio-economic modeling   calibration   nitrate   nitrogen tax   nitrous oxide   nonpoint source pollution   positive mathematical programming   C6   Q1   Q5  

摘要： We develop a programming model of crop production to predict the effects of environmental policies on agriculture and the environment. The model is calibrated against acreages, yields, and exogenous supply elasticities following positive mathematical programming. In addition, crop production functions are calibrated to yield elasticities with respect to nitrogen and irrigation obtained from a biogeochemical model. We study the effects of a nitrogen tax in Yolo County, California, intended to mitigate nitrogen pollution from field crops. The behavioral and environmental responses to the tax are largely due to intensive margin adjustments. Sizable reductions in nitrate leaching are achieved at a low social cost.

关键词： 闯红灯   经济分析   社会成本  

摘要： 解决闯红灯问题是我国交通上面临的一项需要立刻解决的重要的任务。我国的马路安全问题随着我国交通网路的日益完善化与复杂化而成为人们最关心的问题。据有关数据显示，绝大多偶然的交通事故都是因为行人或者车辆闯红灯引起的，为了解决马路安全问题，本文着力对行人及车辆从经济学角度分析，建立一个“闯红灯问题经济模型”，分析闯红灯者的经济成本和收益以及社会群体的成本和收益。接着深入进行分析，给旨在降低交通事故的政府部门以相关政策建议来约束这一行为。

关键词： 非参数统计   金融   经济模型   统计分析  

摘要： 本书系统介绍了连续时间金融模型的非参数统计推断方法及其应用。主要包括一维扩散模型，时变扩散模型，多维扩散模型，随机波动率模型的非参数估计与模型设定检验问题的研究，以及这些统计方法在衍生证券定价及资产价格模型实证分析等方面的应用。本书同时配书盘提供了书中介绍的各种方法的MATLAB实现，可作为金融实证工作者的实用工具。

关键词： 长距离引水   影响因素   经济模型   综合模糊评价  

摘要： 论文以某长距离引水工程为背景,初步阐述了国内外现有长距离引水工程的研究现状,从水量、水质两方面初步分析了目前长距离引水工程面临的困难和需要解决的问题；从管理运营与技术因素、水质因素、经济效益因素、生态环境因素等四方面探讨分析了引水工程的主要影响因素,初步探讨了长距离引水工程的经济模型,并提出了长距离引水工程的成本和效益的初步分析模式；引入了模糊综合评价模型,从经济评价和财务分析两个方面,初步探讨了长距离引水工程的经济评价指标。论文结合具体算例,探讨分析了长距离引水工程的经济指标,通过模糊综合评价模型,初步进行了长距离引水工程方案的可行性评价。

ISBN: (纸本)9787509632529