关键词： ECONOMIC models   PREDICTIVE control   ECONOMIC development   PARABOLIC differential equations   TUBULAR reactors   NONLINEAR theories  

摘要： This work focuses on the development of economic model predictive control (EMPC) systems for transport-reaction processes described by nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) and their applications to a non-isothermal tubular reactor where a second-order chemical reaction takes place. The tubular reactor is modeled by two nonlinear parabolic PDEs. Galerkin's method is used to derive finite-dimensional systems that capture the dominant dynamics of the parabolic PDEs which are subsequently used for the EMPC design. The EMPC formulation uses the integral of the reaction rate along the length of the reactor as an economic cost function subject to constraints on the control action and states over an operation period. Closed-loop simulations are conducted of a low-order EMPC system, formulated with a constraint on the available reactant material over each operation period, applied to a high-order discretization of the PDEs and of a high-order EMPC system formulated with a specific state constraint and with the constraint on the available reactant material. Simulation results demonstrate that the EMPC operates the process in a time-varying fashion and improves the economic cost over steady-state operation using the same amount of reactant material over a fixed period of operation, as well as meeting state constraints.

关键词： singular prey-predator economic model   gestation delay   Hopf bifurcation   stochastic fluctuating environment   white noise  

摘要： This article studies a delayed singular prey-predator economic model with stochastic fluctuations, which is described by differential-algebraic equations due to a economic theory. Local stability and Hopf bifurcation condition are described on the delayed singular prey-predator economic model within deterministic environment. It reveals the sensitivity of the model dynamics on gestation time delay. A phenomenon of Hopf bifurcation occurs as the gestation time delay increases through a certain threshold. Subsequently, a singular stochastic prey-predator economic model with time delay is obtained by introducing Gaussian white noise terms to the above deterministic model system. The fluctuation intensity of population and harvest effort are calculated by Fourier transforms method. Numerical simulations are carried out to substantiate these theory analysis. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 19: 23-29, 2014

关键词： 矿床地质经济模型法   铜镍矿预测  

摘要： 以我国的铜镍硫化物矿床成矿规律进行系统的研究,在研究的基础上对矿床地质经济模型法在铜镍矿预测中的应用进行阐述,分析在工作中产生问题的原因。

关键词： 群众路线传播   传播效率   经济模型  

摘要： 传播群众路线是为了改进工作作风。群众路线成为执政党的单方面工作模式就是群众路线传播效率低的结果。执政党一系列的政策决策紧紧围绕着群众路线展开或决定。提升党的群众路线传播效率需要加大民主社会理想的传播,群众路线的目标在于推进中国民主建设,人民真正地当家作主。执政为人民,人民能自治这两重力量才是群众路线传播目标。

关键词： shapley值   实物交换  

摘要： 本文以shapley值为基础,提出了在公平交换条件下的求解一般n人实物交换最佳效率点的算法并构建了以效用函数作为已知条件的相关模型;在线性条件下对该模型作了简化,编制了以matlab为平台的求解程序代码并通过举例求解,对该模型做了验证并在理论上对该模型做了进一步的探讨。

关键词： 数理   经济学   经济模型   确立   分析  

摘要： 经过了三十多年改革开放,我国已经建成了带有政府部门调控的自由市场经济,与资本主义的自由市场经济相比,更加适合我国的国情,但是在实际经济发展的过程中,如何建立一个准确的经济模型,预测下个阶段经济发展的情况,具有非常重要的作用。

关键词： Predictive control   Distributed control   Closed-loop control   Linear systems   Process control   Economic model predictive control  

摘要： In this paper we propose a cooperative distributed economic model predictive control strategy for linear systems which consist of a finite number of coupled subsystems. The suggested feedback strategy is generating control input which converges to a set of Nash equilibria of the corresponding game provided infinite iterations are allowed at each sampling time. Moreover, the control for each subsystem is computed in itself without coordination layer except for a synchronization requirement between subsystems. We first introduce distributed linear systems with two subsystems and economic model predictive control, then show the convergence and stability properties of a suboptimal model predictive control strategy for the system. The optimization problem for the implementation of MPC is stated with a terminal equality constraint and a terminal cost. (C) 2014 European Control Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： CES-nesting   wastewater reclamation   brackish water   desalination   Israel   CGE  

摘要： Water scarcity is an increasing problem in many parts of the world and the management of water has become an important issue on the political economy agenda in many countries. As water is used in most economic activities and the allocation of water is often a complex problem involving different economic agents and sectors, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have been proven useful to analyze water allocation problems, although their adaptation to include water is still relatively undeveloped. This paper provides a description of an integrated water-focused CGE model (STAGE_W) that includes multiple types and uses of water, and for the first time, the reclamation of wastewater as well as the provision of brackish groundwater as separate, independent activities with specific cost structures. The insights provided by the model are illustrated with an application to the Israeli water sector assuming that freshwater resources available to the economy are cut by 50%. We analyze how the Israeli economy copes with this shock if it reduces potable water supply compared with further investments in the desalination sector. The results demonstrate that the effects on the economy are slightly negative under both scenarios. Counter intuitively, the provision of additional potable water to the economy through desalination does not substantively reduce the negative outcomes. This is mainly due to the high costs of desalination, which are currently subsidized, with the distribution of the negative welfare effect over household groups dependent on how these subsidies are financed.

关键词： Climate sciences   Economics   Policy  

摘要： The models in question aim to integrate estimates of the costs of greenhouse-gas emissions and of steps to reduce them. First, they translate scenarios of economic and population growth, and resulting emissions, into changes in atmospheric composition and global mean temperature. Then the models apply ‘damage functions’ that approximate the global relationships between temperature changes and the economic costs from impacts such as changes in sea level, cyclone frequency, agricultural productivity and ecosystem function. Finally, the models translate future damages into present monetary value.

关键词： TIME-varying systems   NONLINEAR systems   ECONOMIC models   PREDICTIVE control   CLOSED loop systems   PROGRAM transformation (Computer programming)   CHEMICAL processes   OPERATING systems (Computers)  

摘要： In the this work, we propose a two-layer approach to dynamic economic optimization and process control for optimal time-varying operation of nonlinear process systems. The upper layer, utilizing a Lyapunov-based economic model predictive control (LEMPC) system, is used to compute dynamic economic optimization policies for process operation. The lower layer, utilizing a Lyapunov-based MPC (LMPC) system, is used to ensure that the closed-loop system state follows the optimal time-varying trajectories computed by the upper layer over each finite-time operating window. To improve the computational efficiency of the two-layer structure, we allow both the LEMPC and the LMPC to compute control actions for two distinct sets of manipulated inputs thus decreasing the real-time computational demand compared to other one-layer EMPC schemes. Following a rigorous formulation and analysis of the proposed method, we demonstrate boundedness of the closed-loop system state and closed-loop economic performance improvement with the proposed two-layer framework compared to steady-state operation as well as with respect to other existing time-varying operating strategies previously proposed in the literature in the context of a benchmark chemical process application.